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SP16 - Anatomy, Exam 2 > Introduction to the Skull, Face and Scalp > Flashcards

Introduction to the Skull, Face and Scalp Flashcards

1
Q

Group of skull bones that protect the brain.

A

Neurocranium

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2
Q

Group of skull bones that protect the airway.

A

Viscerocranium

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3
Q

Suture between the frontal and parietal bones

A

Coronal

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4
Q

Suture between the two parietal bones

A

Sagittal

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5
Q

Suture between the parietal and temporal bones

A

Squamosal

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6
Q

Suture between the parietal, temporal and occipital bones

A

Lambdoidal

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7
Q

Intersection between the squamosal and coronal sutures

A

Pterion

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8
Q

Intersection between the coronal and sagittal sutures

A

Bregma

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9
Q

Intersection between the lambdoid and sagittal sutures

A

Lambda

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10
Q

Boundaries of the orbit

A 
Roof = Frontal bone
Lateral wall = Zygomatic bone
Floor and part of medial wall = Maxilla
Rest of medial wall = Lacrimal, Ethmoid, Palatal
Posterior wall = Sphenoid
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11
Q

Where is the supraorbital notch located?

A

In superciliary arch

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12
Q

Where is the optic foramen located in the orbit?

A

In medial wall

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13
Q

Where is the super orbital fissure located in the orbit?

A

In medial wall

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14
Q

Where is the Inferior orbital fissure located in the orbit?

A

In floor

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15
Q

The lacrimal groove communicates with this

A

Nasal cavity

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16
Q

Boundaries of the nasal cavity

A

Roof = Nasal bones, frontal sinus, ethmoid, sphenoid sinus
Floor and wall = Maxillary bones
Floor = Palatine horizontal plate
Medial wall = Vomer and perpendicular plate of ethmoid
Medial wall = Nasal septum

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17
Q

Projections from the lateral wall of the nasal cavity

A

Nasal conchae

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18
Q

The superior and middle nasal conchae are projections of this bone

A

Ethmoid

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19
Q

This conchae is its own separate bone

A

Inferior nasal conchae

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20
Q

What are the features of the paranasal sinuses

A 
Spaces within skull bones
Make bones lighter
Add resonance to voice
Lined by mucousal membranes
Continuous with nasal cavity
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21
Q

What foramen does the olfactory nerve (CN I) transmit through?

A

Cribiform plate

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22
Q

What passes through the optic canal?

A

Optic nerve (CN II), opthalmic artery

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23
Q

What passes through the superior orbital fissure?

A

CN III, CN IV, CN VI, CN V1

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24
Q

What foramen does the maxillary nerve pass through?

A

Foramen rotundum

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25
Q

What foramen does the mandibular nerve pass through?

A

Foramen Ovale

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26
Q

What passes through the foramen spinosum?

A

Middle meningeal artery

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27
Q

What passes through the jugular foramen?

A

IJV, CN IX, CN X, CN XI

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28
Q

What foramen does CN VII and VIII pass through?

A

Internal Acoustic foramen

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29
Q

What passes through the stylomastoid foramen?

A

CN VII

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30
Q

What passes through the foramen magnum?

A

Vertebral arteries and spinal cord

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31
Q

This is considered the danger space of the scalp

A

Loose areolar tissue

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32
Q

What is the action of the occipitofrontalis muscle?

A

Moves scalp back and forward

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33
Q

What is the action of the three auricularis muscles?

A

Protract, elevate and retract ears

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34
Q

What is the actions of the muscles of facial expression?

A

Attach to bone or fascia and act by pulling the skin

Surround the orifices of the face acting like sphincters and dilators

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35
Q

What are the muscles of mastication?

A

Masseter
Temporalis
Lateral pterygoid
Medial pterygoid

36
Q

This muscle raises the eyebrow

A

Frontalis

37
Q

What is the function of the corrugator supercilii muscle?

A

Draws eyebrow in (frowning)

38
Q

What muscle is responsible for closing the eye?

A

Orbicularis oculi

39
Q

Three muscles of the eye region

A

Frontalis
Corrugator supercilii
Orbicularis oculi

40
Q

Muscles of the nasal region

A

Procerus m.
Nasalis m.
Levator labii superioris alaeque nasi m.

41
Q

What is the action of the procerus m.?

A

Wrinkles the bridge of the nose

42
Q

What muscle compresses and dilates the nostril?

A

Nasalis m.

43
Q

What is the action of the levator labii superioris alaeque nasi m.?

A

Dilate nostril

44
Q

What are the superficial muscles of the mouth?

A 
Orbicularis oris m.
Levator labii superioris m.
Zygomaticus major/minor mm.
Depressor anguli oris m.
Risorius m.
Mentalis m.
45
Q

What is the action of the orbicularis oris m.?

A

Close mouth

46
Q

What muscle elevates the upper lip?

A

Levator labii superioris

47
Q

What is the action of the zygomaticus major/minor mm.?

A

Draws mouth up

48
Q

What muscle depresses the angle of the mouth?

A

Depressor anguli oris m.

49
Q

What is the action of the risorius m.?

A

Retracts the corner of the mouth

50
Q

What muscle protrudes the lower lip?

A

Mentalis m.

51
Q

What are the deep muscles of the mouth?

A

Buccinator m.
Levator anguli oris m.
Depressor labii inferioris m.

52
Q

What is the action of the buccinator m.?

A

Compress cheek and assist with mastication

53
Q

What muscle elevates the angle of the mouth?

A

Levator anguli oris m.

54
Q

What is the action of the depressor labii inferioris m.?

A

Depress lower lip

55
Q

What are the muscles of mastication?

A

Temporalis m.
Masseter m.
Medial pterygoid m.
Lateral pterygoid m.

56
Q

What is the action of the temporalis m.?

A

Elevate and retract mandible

57
Q

What muscle elevates and clenches the mandible?

A

Masseter m.

58
Q

What is the action of the medial pterygoid m.?

A

Elevate, protract and rotate mandible

59
Q

What muscle depresses, protrudes and rotates the mandible?

A

Lateral pterygoid m.

60
Q

What nerve provides sensory to the face and scalp?

A

CN V

61
Q

What nerves provide sensory to the back of the head, ears, and jaw?

A

Cervical nn.

62
Q

CN VII provides motor innervation to these muscles.

A

Muscles of facial expression

63
Q

What division of the trigeminal nerve provides motor innervation to the muscles of mastication?

A

Mandibular (V3)

64
Q

This nerve runs through the mandible, and is anesthetized to numb the lower teeth.

A

Inferior alveolar n.

65
Q

What is the terminal branch of the inferior alveolar n.?

A

Mental n.

66
Q

Where is the parotid gland located?

A

Anterior and inferior to the ear

67
Q

What duct transmits saliva from the parotid gland?

A

Stensen’s duct

68
Q

What muscle does Stensen’s duct pierce?

A

Buccinator m.

69
Q

Where does Stensen’s duct open into the oral cavity?

A

Opposite the 2nd molar

70
Q

This is associated with chronic parotiditis

A

Calculus formation

71
Q

What nerve passes through the parotid gland?

A

Facial n.

72
Q

Frey’s syndrome is associated with this

A

Gustatory sweating

73
Q

Where does the facial nerve exit the skull?

A

Stylomastiod foramen

74
Q

The facial nerve forms this within the parotid gland

A

Parotid plexus

75
Q

What is the most common non-traumatic cause of facial paralysis?

A

Bell’s palsy

76
Q

What is the purpose of the buccal fat pad?

A

Provide protection for the parotid duct and CN VII (buccal branch)

77
Q

Two buccal nn. related to the buccinator m.

A

CN VII

CN V3

78
Q

What does CN VII provide to the buccinator m.?

A

Motor

79
Q

What nerve provides sensory to buccal mucosa and skin of the cheek?

A

CN V3

80
Q

Where does the superficial temporal vein drain into?

A

Retromandibular v.

81
Q

The superficial temporal artery is a branch of this artery?

A

External carotid a.

82
Q

What nerve does the superficial temporal artery and vein run with?

A

Auriculotemporal n.

83
Q

Artery that supplies blood to the parotid gland, duct and masseter m.

A

Transverse facial artery

84
Q

Where does the transverse facial artery and vein cross the masseter m.?

A

Between the zygomatic arch and parotid duct

85
Q

Where does the facial artery and vein cross the mandible?

A

Anterior border of the masseter m.

86
Q

What does the facial artery and vein supply?

A

Lips and eye

SP16 - Anatomy, Exam 2 (11 decks)

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