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SP16 - Anatomy, Exam 2 > Anterior Cervical Triangle, Cervical Viscera and Root of the Neck > Flashcards

Anterior Cervical Triangle, Cervical Viscera and Root of the Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Boundaries of the anterior cervical triangle

A 
Anterior = Median line of the neck
Posterior = SCM
Superior = Inferior border of the mandible
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2
Q

Superficial muscle of the anterior cervical triangle

A

Platysma

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3
Q

Which branch of the facial nerve innervates the platysma?

A

Cervical branch

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4
Q

Where does the facial vein run?

A

From angle of eye and drains to internal jugular vein

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5
Q

Vein that has two branches and runs behind the mandible

A

Retromandibular v

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6
Q

The posterior branch of the retromandibular vein joins this vein and drains to the EJV

A

Posterior auricular v.

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7
Q

The anterior branch of the retromandubular vein joins this vein and drains to the IJV

A

Facial v.

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8
Q

Where does the anterior jugular vein run?

A

Middle of neck and drains to EJV

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9
Q

This connects the facial vein and the Anterior jugular vein.

A

Communicating branch

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10
Q

What does the internal jugular vein drain?

A

Brain, anterior face, and cervical viscera

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11
Q

Where does the transverse cervical nerve run?

A

Across middle of SCM

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12
Q

What does the transverse cervical nerve supply?

A

Skin of anterior triangle

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13
Q

What is found in the carotid sheath?

A

Internal jugular v
Carotid a.
Vagus n.

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14
Q

the common carotid a bifurcates into these aa

A

External and internal carotid aa

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15
Q

What does the external carotid a supply?

A

External head and neck

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16
Q

What does the internal carotid a supply?

A

Anterior and midbrain

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17
Q

What does the vertebral a supply?

A

Posterior brain

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18
Q

What does the thyrocervical trunk supply?

A

Lower neck

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19
Q

What are the suprahyoid muscles?

A

Digastric m.
Mylohyoid m.
Stylohyoidm.
Geniohyoid m.

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20
Q

The anterior and posterior bellies of the digastric muscle is separated by this tendon

A

Intermediate tendon

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21
Q

Muscle that is the floor of the submental and submandibular triangles.

A

Mylohyoid m

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22
Q

What triangle is the stylohoid muscle located in?

A

Submandibular

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23
Q

Where is the geniohyoid muscle located in relation to the mylohyoid muscle?

A

Superior

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24
Q

What are the infrahyoid muscles?

A

Sternohyoid m
Sternothyroid m.
Thyrohyoid m.
Omohyoid m.

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25
Q

Where is the sternohyoid m located?

A

Lateral to midline, from hyoid to sternum

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26
Q

Where is the sternothyroid m.located?

A

Deep to the sternohyoid, from the thyroid cartilage to the sternum

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27
Q

Where is the thyrohyoid muscle located?

A

Deep to the sternohyoid, from the thyroid cartilage to the hyoid bone.

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28
Q

Where is the omohyoid m. located?

A

Superior belly runs from the hyoid to the intermediate tendon.
Inferior belly runs from intermediate tendon to the shoulder area

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29
Q

What are the boundaries of the submandibular triangle?

A

Superior = Inferior border of the mandible
Anter inferior = Anterior belly of the digastric m
Posterior Inferior = Posterior belly of the digastric m.

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30
Q

What are the contents of the submandibular triangle?

A 
Submandibular salivary gland and lymph nodes
Facial vessels
CN XII
Marginal mandibular branch of CN VII
Mylohyoid branch of CN V3
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31
Q

What are the boundaries of the submental triangle?

A

Left lateral = Left anterior belly of the digastric m
Right lateral = Right anterior belly pf the digastric m
Inferior = Hyoid bone

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32
Q

What are the submental triangle contents?

A

Mylohyoid m.
Submental lymph nodes
Small veins

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33
Q

What are the boundaries of the muscular triangle?

A

Anterior = Median line of the neck
Posterior superior = Superior belly of the omohyoid m.
Posterio inferior = SCM

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34
Q

What are the contents of the Muscular triangle?

A

Sternohyoid, sternothyroid and thyrohyoid mm

Thyroid, parathyroids, traches, esophagus, common carotid a.

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35
Q

What are the boundaries of the carotid triangle?

A

Anterior superior = Posterior belly of the digastric muscle
Anterior inferior = Superior belly of the omohyoid muscle
Posterior = SCM

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36
Q

What nerves are located in the carotid triangle?

A 
Accessory
Vagus
Hypoglossal
Ansa cervicalis
Laryngeal
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37
Q

The vagus nerve runs parallel with this artery

A

External carotid

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38
Q

The accessory nerve passes beneath what two muscles?

A

Trapezius

SCM

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39
Q

The hypoglossal nerve runs between what two muscles?

A

Stylohyoid

Hypoglossus

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40
Q

What cervical levels does the ansa cervicalis originate from?

A

C1-C3

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41
Q

The superior root of the ansa cervicalis innervates what area?

A

Sternohyoid m

Sternothyroid m.

42
Q

The posterior root of the ansa cervicalis innervates what area?

A

Inferior belly of the omohyoid m.

43
Q

The superior thyroid artery is a branch of this

A

External carotid artery

44
Q

What artery supplies the thyroid?

A

Superior thyroid a.

45
Q

What branches off the superior thyroid a.?

A

Superior laryngeal a.

46
Q

What artery pierces the thyroid membrane?

A

Superior laryngeal a.

47
Q

What nerve runs with the Superior thyroid a.?

A

Internal laryngeal n.

48
Q

This is the second anterior branch of the external carotid a.

A

Lingual a.

49
Q

Where is the lingual artery located?

A

Posterior to the greater horn of the hyoid bone.

50
Q

Where is the superior thyroid a. located?

A

Inferior to the greater horn of the hyoid bone

51
Q

What does the lingual artery supply?

A

Inferior surface of the tongue

52
Q

The third anterior branch of the external carotid a.

53
Q

Where is the facial a. located?

A

Superior to the lingual a.

Ascends over inferior border of the mandible

54
Q

What does the facial a. supply?

55
Q

First posterior branch of the external carotid a.

A

Ascending pharyngeal artery

56
Q

Where is the ascending pharyngeal artery located?

A

Close to the common carotid bifurcation

57
Q

What does the ascending pharyngeal a. supply?

A

Pharynx and tonsils

58
Q

Second posterior branch of the external carotid a.

A

Occipital a.

59
Q

Where is the occipital a. located?

A

Under posterior belly of the digastric m.

60
Q

`What does the occipital a. supply

A

Neck and scalp

61
Q

This branch of the occipital a. does to the SCM.

A

Muscular branch

62
Q

The muscular branch of the occipital a. hooks over this cranial nerve

63
Q

Third posterior branch of the external carotid a.

A

Posterior Auricular a.

64
Q

What does the posterior auricular a. supply?

A

Scalp behind the ear

65
Q

Where is the posterior auricular a. located?

A

Superior to the posterior belly of the digastric m.

66
Q

This connects the right and left lobes of the thyroid gland

67
Q

The isthmus usually covers these tracheal rings

A

2nd to 4th

68
Q

This ascends from the isthmus to as high as the hyoid gland, and may be missing in up to 50% of cases

A

Pyramidal lobe

69
Q

Where is the superior thyroid a. located?

A

From the external carotid artery to the superior gland

70
Q

Where is the inferior thyroid a. located?

A

From the thyrocervical trunk to the inferior gland

71
Q

Where do the superior and middle thyroid veins drain to?

A

Internal Jugular vern

72
Q

Where does the inferior thyroid vein drain to?

A

Brachiochephalic v.

73
Q

This is found on the posterior of the thyroid gland.

A

Parathyroid gland

74
Q

During a thyroidectomy, these may become damaged or removed

A

Parathyroids

75
Q

Where are the recurrent and external layrngeal nerves located?

A

Just posterior and deep to the thyroid gland

76
Q

Damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve causes this

A

Paralysis to most of the laryngeal muscles

77
Q

Damage to the external laryngeal nerve causes this

A

Paralysis to the cricothyroid and inferior pharyngeal constrictor muscles

78
Q

This procedure may be done in cases of airway obstruction

A

Tracheostomy or tracheotomy

79
Q

Where are the sympathetic trunks located?

A

Anterior to prevertebral mm and posterior to cervical viscera

80
Q

What 3 sympathetic gamglia are found in the cervical region?

A

Superior cervical
Middle cervical
Cervicothoracic

81
Q

Where is the superior cervical ganglia located?

A

Anterior to the longus capitus m

82
Q

Where is the middle cervical ganglia located?

A

Posterior to the thyroid gland

83
Q

Where is the cervicothoracic ganglia located?

A

Inside the thoracic inlet

84
Q

All parasympathetic innervation to the neck is provided by this nerve

85
Q

The autonomic nervous system is composed of these type of nerves

A

Parasympathetic

Sympathetic

86
Q

This relays the sympathetic innvervation to the neck

A

Sympathetic trunk

87
Q

The autonomic nervous system controls these functions

88
Q

The thoracic duct drains these areas

A

Left upper limb, head, neck, thorax, abdomen and lower limbs

89
Q

Where is the thoracic duct located?

A

Posterior to the esophagus and arching left

90
Q

Where does the thoracic duct enter the venous angle?

A

Between left subclavian v and left internal jugular v

91
Q

What does the right lymphatic duct drain?

A

Right upper limb, head, neck and thorax

92
Q

Where does the tight lymphatic duct enter the venous angle?

A

Between right subclavian v. and right internal jugular v

93
Q

Where is the thyrocervical trunk located?

A

From subclavian a. medial to the anterior scalene m.

94
Q

The transverse cervical and suprascapular aa cross over this nerve

95
Q

The inferior thyroid a runs here

A

Posterior to carotid sheath and thyroid gland

96
Q

Where does the vertebral v drain?

A

Into brachiocephalic v

97
Q

Where is the vertebral a. located?

A

Posterior to vertebral v and deep in the neck.

It is a branch of the subclavian a.

98
Q

What are the boundaries of the sternocleidomastoid triangle?

A 
Medial = Sternal head of SCM
Lateral = Clavicular head of SCM
Inferior = Clavicle
99
Q

What are the contents of the SCM triangle?

A

Internal jugular v

100
Q

This may be performed for insertion of a venous line

A

Internal jugular vein puncture or

Subclavian venous puncture

SP16 - Anatomy, Exam 2 (11 decks)

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