Posterior Pituitary

Question 1

Where does ADH and Oxytocin synthesis occur?

Answer 1

1. Supraoptic and paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus

Question 2

ADH is most susceptible to what changes in ECV?

Answer 2

1. Osmolality ⬆️ or ⬇️ of 1%.
2. Volume ⬆️ or ⬇️ of 10%

Osmolality > volume

Question 3

Baroreceptor regulation in ADH secretion ?

Answer 3

1. ⬆️Volume
2. ⬆️Afferent activity
3. ⬇️ADH
4. ⬇️Volume
5. ⬇️Afferent activity
6. ⬆️ADH

Question 4

2 mechanisms by which osmoreceptors ⬆️Water volume?

Answer 4

1. ⬆️ADH

2. ⬆️Thirst

Question 5

2 hormones that ⬆️ADH secretion?

Answer 5

1. AT II

2. CRH

Question 6

Difference between V1 and V2 receptors?

Answer 6

V1: smooth muscle contraction
V2: ⬆️aquaporin synthesis

Question 7

Why does weightlessness (space or water submersion) ⬇️ inhibit ADH secretion?

Answer 7

1. ⬆️Blood volume from limbs to thorax —> Baroreceptors —> ⬆️afferent activity —> ⬇️ADH

Question 8

In terms of kidney function, how does ANP/BNP ⬆️ water and sodium loss?

Answer 8

1. Dilation of AA
2. Constriction of EA

⬆️FF= ⬆️GFR/⬇️RPF

Question 9

ANP/BNP inhibit the following hormones to ⬆️H2O and Na loss?

Answer 9

1. Renin, aldosterone and ADH

Question 10

Enzyme that breaks down ANP and BNP?

Answer 10

Neprilysin

Question 11

Aside from ANP/BNP breakdown, what else does neprilysin breakdown?

Answer 11

1. AT II

2. Bradykinin

Question 12

Neprilysin inhibitor used in CHF in combination with Valsartan?

Answer 12

1. Sacubitril

Question 13

Why is cough and angioedema an adverse reaction of Sacubitril/Valsartan use, as well as ACE inhibitors?

Answer 13

1. ⬆️Bradykinin

2. ⬆️vasodilation and bronchoconstriction