Hypothalamic-Anterior Pituitary

Question 1

All hypothalamic and anterior pituitary hormones are secreted in vesicles, why?

Answer 1

1. They are Water soluble

Question 2

Hormonal release of these hormones are mainly pulsatile, with 1 exception?

Answer 2

1. TRH

Question 3

Why is pulsatile hormonal release advantageous?

Answer 3

1. Frequent and excess stimulation can cause ⬇️regulation
2. ⬇️ hormonal release

Example: GnRH —> ⬇️LH and FSH

Question 4

These hormones are produced in the paraventricular and arcuate nuclei?

Answer 4

1. TRH
2. CRH
3. GHRH
4. Dopamine
5. Somatostatin

Question 5

This hormone is produced in the Pre Optic nuclei?

Answer 5

1. GnRH

Question 6

This hormone inhibits GH release ?

Answer 6

1. Somatostatin

Question 7

This hormone inhibits prolactin release?

Answer 7

1. Dopamine

Question 8

This hormone, if VERY ELEVATED, increases Prolactin secretion ?

Answer 8

1. TRH

Question 9

GnRH in high frequency pulses favors what gonadotropin release?

Answer 9

LH.

Question 10

In low pulsatile frequencies, GnRH increases the release of this gonadotropoin?

Answer 10

1 FSH

Question 11

Microadenomas vs Macroadenomas? Hormonal excess vs panhypopituitarism?

Answer 11

1. Microadenomas: ⬆️⬆️hormones
2. Macroadenomas:
   Compression—> panhypopituitarism and visual problems/loss

Question 12

Most common microadenomas in descending order ?

Answer 12

1. Prolactinoma
2. GH microadenoma —> acromegaly
3. ACTH microadenoma—> Cushing’s Disease

Question 13

Sheehan syndrome pathophysiology?

Answer 13

1. ⬆️Enlarged Pituitary
2. ⬆️Susceptibility to infarcts
3. ⬆️Blood Loss (delivery) (acute hemorrhage)
4. Infarction.
5. Panhypopituitarism

Question 14

Strong sign of pituitary damage after giving birth?

Answer 14

1. Failure to lactate

Question 15

Most common tumor in children causing hypopituitarism?

Answer 15

1. Craneopharyngioma