Pancreas Flashcards
Alpha cells secrete?
- Glucagon!
Delta cells secrete?
- Somatostatin!
Proinsulin splits into the following 2 enzymes ?
- Insulin
3. C-peptide
Second messenger involved in insulin receptor ?
- Tyrosine kinase
How is glucose taken up by tissues ?
Facilitated transport.
What are some insulin-dependent tissues?
- Adipose tissue
- Muscle (resting)
- Liver
What are some insulin INDEPENDENT tissues?
- Brain
- RBC
- Intestine
- Kidney
- Liver?
- Placenta
- Sperm
Is insulin a catabolic or anabolic hormone?
- Anabolic (⬆️protein synthesis)
Insulin effect on carbohydrates?
- ⬇️Glucose levels
2. Glycogensis ⬆️
Insulin effect on protein metabolism ?
- ⬆️Protein synthesis
Insulin effect on lipid metabolism?
- ⬇️Lipolysis
Insulin effect on K+ levels?
- ⬆️Na+K+ ATPase
2. ⬇️K+ levels
How are ATP-K+ gated channels closed?
- Glucose enters the cell
- ⬆️Glycolysis
- ⬆️ATP
- ⬆️Intracellular K+
- Depolarization
- ⬆️Voltage Gated Ca+ channels
- ⬆️Ca+ levels
- ⬆️ Insulin Exocitosis
Mechanism of action of Sulfonylureas?
- Block ATP-sensitive K+ Channels
2. ⬆️ Insulin release!!
Name the Incretins?
- Glucagon-Like Peptide (GLP)
2. Glucose Insulinotropic Peptide (GIP)
Primary site of action of glucagon ?
- Liver
Glycogen action in Carbohydrates, Lipids and Proteins?
- CH: glycogenolysis, gluconeogenesis.
- Lipids: Lipolysis
- Ketogenesis
- Proteolysis: ⬆️Urea
Factors that inhibit Glucagon ?
- Hyperglycemia
- Somatostatin
- Insulin
Factors that Stimulate Glucagon release?
- HYPOGLYCEMIA
2. Amino acids (⬆️rich protein meals)
Factors that inhibit insulin ?
- ⬆️Alpha-1 sympathetic
2. Somatostatin
Main Glucose transporter in muscular and adipose tissue?
- GLUT-4
