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Endocrinology Physiology > General Aspects > Flashcards

General Aspects Flashcards

1
Q

Where in the cells do lipid and water soluble hormones act?

A
  1. Lipids: nucleus

2. Water soluble: membrane

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2
Q

What intercellular action do lipid and water soluble hormones have?

A
  1. Lipid: ⬆️protein synthesis

2. Water : second messengers (cAMP)

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3
Q

How are lipid vs water soluble hormones stored?

A
  1. Lipid: synthesized as needed in the organ

2. Water: stored in vesicles (pro hormone + enzyme)

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4
Q

How are lipid vs water soluble hormones transported in plasma ?

A
  1. Lipid: proteins (globulin)

2. Water: dissolved freely in plasma

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5
Q

Lipid vs water soluble hormones half-life?

A
  1. Lipid: Long (days)

2. Water: Short (minutes)

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6
Q

Examples of globulin binding hormones ?

A
  1. Thyroid
  2. Cortisol
  3. Sex hormones (SHBG)
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7
Q

Free vs Bound hormone, which one is the active hormone?

A
  1. Free hormone

2. Bound hormone (passive)

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8
Q

What causes a ⬇️ in binding proteins?

A
  1. ⬇️ Liver function

2. ⬆️ Androgens

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9
Q

What causes an ⬆️ in binding proteins ?

A
  1. ⬆️ Estrogens
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10
Q

Changes in Total Hormone levels and Free estrogen in pregnancy?

A
  1. ⬆️TOtal Hormones

2. Normal free estrogen levels (⬇️ negative feedback —> ⬆️free estrogen synthesis )

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11
Q

Why is IFG-1 a better index for GH secretion than GH itself?

A
  1. IGF-1 levels are constant

2. GH levels fluctuate (⬆️at night)

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12
Q

Why is T4 very measurable at anytime ?

A
  1. ⬆️ Half-life: 6-7 days. Always constant.
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13
Q

MAIN cause of endocrine hypofunction?

A
  1. Autoimmune diseases
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14
Q

Main cause of endocrine hyper function ?

A
  1. Hormone secreting tumors
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15
Q

MEN type 1:

A
  1. ⬆️PTH
  2. ⬆️ insulin (Pancreas)
  3. Pituitary Adenomas

PPP

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16
Q

MEN 2A?

A
  1. ⬆️PTH
  2. Medullary Thyroid Carcinoma (⬆️Calcitonin)
  3. Pheochromocytoma
17
Q

MEN 2B?

A
  1. MEN2A symptoms
           \+
  2. Mucosal neuromas (100%)
  3. Marfanoid habitus

Endocrinology Physiology (14 decks)

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