posterior eye Flashcards
retina
light sensitive tissue - comes from neuroectoderm
choroid
vascular layer. uvea (iris, cilliary body, choroid)
macula
central part of retina
fovea
central part of macula
peripheral retina
periperal vision. ora serrata - termination of retina.
pars plana
potential entry point into eye
neurosensory layer
photoreceptors, inner layer of retina. rods - night vison. cones- color.
bipolar cells - connect photo receptors to ganglion cells.
ganglion cells transmit signals to optic nerve
pigment epithelium
photoreceptor metabolism, outer layer.
retinal nervefiber layer
gangiol axon pathway across retina
central retinal artery
branch of opthalmic, and supplies retina.
subretinal hemorrhage
blood behind retina. looks like a big dark spot
dot blot
little specs of heme, common in diabetes
flame/splinter hemorrhage
hypertension and diabetes
preretinal hemorrhage
boat-shapped
vitrous hemorrhage
snow globe
yellow things
hard exudate. lipids and cholesterol leaking into retina
drusen - soft flufffy - macular degeneration
cholesterol embolus - plaque in artery.
white things
cotton wool spot - ishemia, diabetes and hypertension
branch artery occlusion - large occlusion
brown
mole
black
pigment or retinal scar
diabetic retinopathy
number one cause of blindness in working aged people
non-proliferative diabetic retinopathy - micro aneurysms, macular edema (hard exudates)
proliferative type - neovascularization, fibrovavularization. Lots of new vessels growing off optic disk. New vessels bleed into vitrous humor, traction retinal detachment - pull on retina.
hypertensive retinopathy
vasoconstriction, arteriosclerosis.
narrow vessels, copper wire appearance, av nicking.
acute hypertenive retinopathy
all the hemorrhages. retinal, macular edema, exudate, optic disk inflammation
vascular occlusion
related to htn, stoke, small hemorrhages.
vein related to htn, artery related to stroke (cherry red spot).
macular degeneration
related to age. the number one case of blindness. being white, female, old, and smoking all increases risk.
characterized by drusen, atrophy, hyperpigmentation.
exudative/wet amd
leads to vision loss. choroidal neovascularization. hemorrhage. gray area due to scaring.
vitreous cavity
80% of eye, col2, hyaluronic acid. Shrinks with age
posterior vitreous detachment
can pull and tear retina.
choroid pathology
uveitis - inflammation
choroid nevus
tumors - melanoma is common primary intraocular
big cup to disk?
glaucoma.
papilledema
bilateral optic disk swelling due to increased cranial pressure
