opthalmology

Question 1

purpose of vitrous humor

Answer 1

keep that retina in place, and maintain shape of eye

Question 2

macula

Answer 2

responsible for about 90% of vision

Question 3

refeactive error

Answer 3

near, far, stigmatism, and presbyopia

Question 4

near sightedness

Answer 4

focus is anterior to retina

Question 5

far sightedness

Answer 5

focus is posterior to retina

Question 6

stigmatism

Answer 6

miss shapped eye, think football like. focus is all over the place

Question 7

presbyopia

Answer 7

cilliary muscle looses strength, cant focus on near objects. people usually get reading glasses for this.

Question 8

eye exam

Answer 8

visual acuity, visual fields, ocular otility, pupils external exam, fundoscopic exam

Question 9

acuity

Answer 9

use an eye chart, one eye at a time .

Question 10

visual fields

Answer 10

look at objects in various places, while focusing on a single spot.

Question 11

motility

Answer 11

follow finger… eyes track together, cn3,4,and6

Question 12

pupil

Answer 12

shine light in pupil. make sure it constricts, make sure round, symmetric, etc

Question 13

external exam

Answer 13

use a pen light to identify the eyelide, clear cornea, conjunctiva, and anterior chamber

Question 14

fundoscopic exam

Answer 14

need a dilated pupil, check red reflex (the reflected light should be red off retina), see optic nerve, and see retina

Question 15

red eye

Answer 15

unilateral and bilateral causes

Question 16

conjuntivitis

Answer 16

unilateral, pink eye, viral or bacterial. eyes glued shut in morning.

viral - more common. usually post upper respiratory infection. often adenovirus. eye is red, watery. Monitor hand hygiene.

Bacterial - purplent. Staph aureus and strep pheumoniae, look for yellow discharge.

Question 17

iritis

Answer 17

unilateral. inflammation of iris. pupil looks deformed due to inflammation. blurred vision, pain, photophobia. usually 20-40 age demographic.

Question 18

corneal abrasion

Answer 18

unilateral. scratch of the cornea. lots of pain, blurred vision, tearing

mild uses ointment, tears
severe requires tap eye closed for a day

Question 19

corneal ulcer

Answer 19

unilateral. infction of corneal stoma. S.aureus, pseudomonas. dont sleep with contacts. people have dry eyes, cn7 palsy (cant blink), decreased vision, lots of inflammation

look for white in cornea

Question 20

corneal foreign body

Answer 20

unilateral. material lodged in the surface of cornea, could also be on inside of eyelid

Question 21

dry eye

Answer 21

bilateral. lack of tears, feels like a foreign body, worsens when reading or computer work. Happens in low humid places

from body not producing tears, or producing tears and the tears evaporate too quickly.

not enough - anti-histamines, pain meds, anti-depressants, lupus and other auto immune

Question 22

dry eye tests

Answer 22

shimmer’s test - strips of paper and see how far tears travel

corneal staining - fluoresces condenses in to dry areas

Question 23

allergic conjunctivitis

Answer 23

bilateral, seasonal, itchy eyes, history of allergies

Question 24

herpes simplex

Answer 24

unilateral, hsv1, corneal epithelium. get super weird branching dendrite pattern using fluorasine.

can get corneal scar.

Question 25

herpes zoster

Answer 25

unilateral, v1 distribution, will see chicken pox/scales on skin. if rash on nose, assume eye involvement.

Question 26

pterygium

Answer 26

unilateral. lots of UV light. is a benign vascular growth on surface f cornea.

Question 27

subconjunctival heme

Answer 27

ruptured blood vessel. blood in the white of eye. anti-coags are at greater risk

Question 28

angle closure glaucoma

Answer 28

common is asians, 60-70, hyperopia. Sever eye pin. nausea vomiting. blurred vision, halos.

pupil is partially dilated, and cornea is hazy. eye will feel firm due to IOP. aqueous fluid in cilliary chamber flows into space behind iris, iris is adherent to lense, this pressure.

use a laser create a hole, allows fluid to move.

Question 29

open angle glaucoma

Answer 29

progressive disease. IOP. causes patients to loose peripheral vision. puts pressure on optic nerve, nerve appears enlarged.

Question 30

cataracts

Answer 30

clouding of lens. progressive decline.

trauma, radiation, diabetes, age.