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GI System Midterm > Posterior Abdominal Wall and Respiratory Diaphragm > Flashcards

Posterior Abdominal Wall and Respiratory Diaphragm Flashcards

1
Q

4 Posterior abdominal wall muscles

A

Psoas major, psoas minor, quadratus lumborum, iliacus

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2
Q

Psoas major m proximal attachment

A

lateral aspect and transverse processes of vertebral bodies T12-L5

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3
Q

Psoas major distal attachment for psoas major

A

lesser trochanter of femur

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4
Q

Psoas major innervation

A

L2, L3, L4 via lumbar plexus

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5
Q

Psoas major actions

A

bilaterally flex thigh at high

unilaterally side bends trunk to same side

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6
Q

Iliacus proximal attachment

A

iliac fossa of pelvis

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7
Q

Iliacus distal attachment

A

lesser trochanter of femur

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8
Q

Iliacus innervation

A

femoral n

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9
Q

Iliacus actions

A

flexes thigh at hip

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10
Q

Psoas minor proximal attachment

A

lateral aspect of vertebral bodies of T12-L1

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11
Q

Psoas minor distal attachment

A

pectineal line

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12
Q

Psoas minor innervation

A

L1 and L2

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13
Q

Psoas minor actions

A

Fixes 12th rib during deep inspiration*
Bilaterally assist with trunk extension
Unilaterally side-bends trunk to same side

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14
Q

Quadratus Lumborum proximal attachment

A

iliac crest and iliolumbar ligament

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15
Q

Quadratus Lumborum distal attachment

A

medial half of inferior border of the 12th rub

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16
Q

Quadratus lumborum innervation

A

T12-L4

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17
Q

Quadratus lumborum actions

A

Flexes Rib 12 during inspiration

Extends and laterally flexes vertebral column

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18
Q

What organs do psoas major and iliacus m associate with

A

Kidney, ureter, cecum, sigmoid colon, pancreas, posterior abdominal nerves

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19
Q

Presentation of Psoas Syndrome

A

Lumbosacral pain, difficulty standing up, pain in contalteral gluteal region, radiation down lower extremity

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20
Q

Borders of the diaphragm

A

Xiphisternal Joint, Costal Margin, Vertebral body of T12, Right and Left domes,

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21
Q

3 peripheral origins insert on central tendon

A

Sternal origin, costal origin, 12th vertebral body origin

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22
Q

Where do the right and left crus meet?

A

aortic hiatus

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23
Q

Right crus vs left crus

A

Right crus is longer and medial and Left crus is shorter and more lateral

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24
Q

What vertebral level is the caval opening?

A

T8

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25
Q

What 3 things come out of the caval opening

A

Inferior phrenic, branches of R phrenic nerve, lymphatics from liver

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26
Q

What opening is at T10

A

esophageal hiatus

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27
Q

What 3 things are coming out of the Esophageal Hiatus

A

Esophagus, Anterior/Posterior vagal trunks, esophageal branches of L gastric artery

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28
Q

What opening is at T12

A

Aortic Hiatus

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29
Q

What 3 things are coming out of the aortic hiatus

A

Aorta, thoracic duct, azygous vein

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30
Q

What is coming out of the sternocostal hiatus

A

Superior Epigastric vessels

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31
Q

What do the posterior origins of the diaphragm form

A

the arcuate ligaments

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32
Q

What are the 3 arcuate ligaments

A

median, medial, lateral

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33
Q

What posterior abdominal wall structure does the median arcuate ligament form?

A

aortic hiatus

34
Q

What posterior abdominal wall structure does the medial arcuate ligament form?

A

gap for Psoas Major m.

35
Q

What posterior abdominal wall structure does the lateral arcuate ligament form?

A

gap for quadratus lumborum m.

36
Q

How do diaphragmatic hernias occur

A

attachment become stretched or ligaments become loose

37
Q

Why are diaphragmatic hernias more common on L side

A

protection of the right hemidiaphragm by the liver

38
Q

Where do parasternal hernias occur

A

sterocostal triangle

39
Q

Where is the sternocostal triangle located

A

between sternal and costal parts of diaphragm

40
Q

What kind of hernia happens at the lumbocostal triangle

A

pleuroperitoneal hernia

41
Q

Where is the lumbocostal triangle located

A

between 12th rib and diaphragm

42
Q

How does a congenital disphragmatic hernia occur

A

failure of pleuroperitoneal membranes to fuse with other components of diaphragm

43
Q

S/S of congenital diaphragmatic hernia

A

Respiratory distress and cyanosis in first minutes or hours of life

44
Q

Two main types of hiatal hernias

A

Paraesophageal hernia

Sliding hernia

45
Q

Paraesophageal hernia

A

no regurgitation, only stomach contents in hiatus

46
Q

Sliding hernia

A

some regurgitation occurs, esophagus and stomach in hiatus

47
Q

How to tell the difference between paraesophageal and sliding hernia on Xray

A

Barium swallow

48
Q

Superior blood supply to diaphragm

A

pericaracophrenic, musculophrenic, superior phrenic artery

49
Q

Inferior blood supply to diaphragm

A

Inferior phrenic artery

50
Q

What does the R inferior phrenic artery pass by

A

posterior to IVC

51
Q

What does the L inferior phrenic artery pass by

A

posterior to esophagus

52
Q

Motor innervation to diaphragm

A

Phrenic Nerve- C3, C4, C5

53
Q

Sensory innervation to central portion of diaphragm

A

phrenic n

54
Q

Sensory innervation to peripheral portion of diaphragm

A

intercostal n

55
Q

Superior surface lymphatics of diaphragm (anterior)

A

anterior diaphragm- anterior diaphragm nodes to parasternal

56
Q

Superior surface lymphatics of diaphragm (posterior)

A

posterior diaphragm- posterior diaphragm nodes to mediastinal nodes

57
Q

Inferior surface lymphatics of diaphragm

A

celiac nodes and superior lumbar nodes

58
Q

3 things that drain into thoracic duct

A

lower extremity/perineum/gluteal region, body wall, GI tract

59
Q

4 lymph nodes that drain into intestinal lymphatic trunk

A

celiac nodes, superior mesenteric nodes, lumbar nodes, inferior mesenteric nodes

60
Q

What is the cisterna chyli

A

dilation at end of thoracic duct

61
Q

What lymph drains into cisterna chyli

A

intestinal lymphatic trunks and lumbar lymphatic trunks

62
Q

Is Cisterna chyli intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal

A

retroperitoneal

63
Q

Where is the cisterna chyli located

A

posterior to aorta around L1-L2

64
Q

Areas drained by celiac lymph nodes

A

liver, stomach, spleen, pancreas, upper duodenum

65
Q

Areas drained by superior mesenteric lymph nodes

A

lower duodenum, jejunum, ileum, colon up to R colic flexure

66
Q

Areas drained by inferior mesenteric lymph nodes

A

colon from splenic flexure to rectum

67
Q

Areas drained by internal iliac lymph nodes

A

lower rectum to anal canal (above pectinate line), bladder, vagina, prostate

68
Q

Areas drained by para-aortic lymph nodes

A

testes, ovaries, kidneys, uterus

69
Q

Areas drained by superficial inguinal lymph nodes

A

anal canal (below pectinate line), most skin below umbilicus, scrotum

70
Q

Areas drained by deep inguinal lymph nodes

A

lower extremity

71
Q

Cell histo above pectinate line

A

simple columnar

72
Q

Cell histo below pectinate line

A

stratified squamous

73
Q

2 divisions of peritoneal cavity

A

greater sac and lesser sac

74
Q

Other name for lesser sac

A

omental bursa

75
Q

What divides the supracolic and infracolic compartments

A

transverse mesocolon

76
Q

What is in the supracolic compartment

A

stomach, liver, spleen

77
Q

What is in the infracolic compartment

A

small intestine, ascending and descending colon

78
Q

What divides the infracolic compartment into R and L

A

THE mesentery of SI

79
Q

What is a paracolic gutter

A

areas between lateral aspects of ascending and descending colon and posterior abdominal wall

80
Q

What is the function of paracolic gutter

A

free communication between supracolic and infracolic compartment

81
Q

What prevents the spread of fluid superiorly

A

phenicocolic ligament

GI System Midterm (7 decks)

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