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GI System Midterm > Organs of the Gastrointestinal Tract #4,5 > Flashcards

Organs of the Gastrointestinal Tract #4,5 Flashcards

1
Q

What level does the esophagus pierce the diaphragm?

A

T10

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2
Q

Where does the esophagus enter the stomach

A

T11

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3
Q

Where is the esophageal hiatus located?

A

T10

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4
Q

What is located at T8?

A

inferior vena cava

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5
Q

What is located at T12?

A

Aorta

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6
Q

“Sliding” hiatal hernia

A
  • esophageal hiatus of diaphragm enlarges or weakens

- abdominal esophagus and parts of stomach (cardia and/or fundus) herniate into the thorax

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7
Q

Paraesophageal hernia

A

defect in diaphragm next to the esophageal hiatus

*stomach but NOT esophagus herniates

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8
Q

What level is the stomach located?

A

L end @ T10-11

R end @ L1-2

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9
Q

What is the entrance of the stomach into the duodenum called?

A

pyloric orifice

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10
Q

What are the folds of the stomach called

A

rugae

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11
Q

Where is the small intestine located?

A

between the stomach and large intestine

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12
Q

What are the 3 parts of the small intestine?

A

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

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13
Q

What level is the location of the duodenum?

A

L1-L4

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14
Q

How long is the duodenum?

A

10 inches long

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15
Q

What are the 4 subdivisions of the duodenum?

A

superior, descending, horizontal, and ascending

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16
Q

Is the duodenum primary or secondarily retroperiotneal?

A

secondary except for 1st and 4th part

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17
Q

Characteristics of the superior duodenum

A
  • start at pyloric sphincter
  • about 2 inches long
  • held in place by hepatoduodenal ligament
  • head of pancreas is inferior
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18
Q

Characteristics of descending duodenum

A
  • about 3 inches long

* all retroperitoneal secondarily

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19
Q

Characteristics of horizontal duodenum

A

superior mesenteric a and v and root of mesentery cross anterior

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20
Q

Characteristics of the ascending duodenum

A
  • becomes intraperitoneal

* held in place by suspensory ligament

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21
Q

What ligament suspends the ascending duodenum?

A
  • Ligament of Treitz
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22
Q

What is the function of the suspensory ligament (Treitz)

A

anchor 4th part of duodenum to R crus of diaphragm

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23
Q

How long is the jejunum/ileum?

A

20 feet

  • very mobile
  • held to posterior wall by THE mesentery
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24
Q

How long is the jejunum?

A

8-10 feet

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25
Q

Characteristics of the jejunum

A 
simple vascular arcades
long vasa recta
more vascular
greater diameter
more plicae circularis
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26
Q

What is the plicae circularis

A

the circular folds of the small intestine

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27
Q

How long is the ileum?

A

10-12 feet

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28
Q

Characteristics of the ileum

A
  • compound vascular arcades
  • shorter vasa recta
  • less vascular
  • smaller diameter
  • fewer plicae circularis
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29
Q

What organ is Meckel’s Diverticulum associated with?

A

Ileum

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30
Q

What is Meckel’s Diverticulum?

A

Mot common congenital anomoly of small intestine

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31
Q

What is Meckel’s Diverticulum a remnant of?

A

vitelline duct

32
Q

Function of THE mesentery in the small intestines

A

attaches the jejunum and ileum to posterior body wall

33
Q

Characteristics of large intestine

A 
taenia coli
appendices epiplociae (epiploic appendages)
34
Q

Functions of large intestine

A 
fecal formation
transport
evacuation
water absorption
mucus secretion
35
Q

Function of taenia coli

A

3 bands of longitudinal muscle on the outside of colon

36
Q

Haustrae function

A

produced by taenia coli

slow movement of feces

37
Q

What is unique about the cecum

A

no epiploic appenendages

not a true sphincter

38
Q

Characteristics of the vermiform appendix

A

junction of 3 taenia coli

9-10 cm long

39
Q

What is unique about both the ascending and descending colon

A

both are secondarily retroperitoneal

40
Q

What is unique about the transverse the sigmoid colon

A

both are intraperitoneal

41
Q

What is the anal rectal line

A

line joining the tops of the anal columns

42
Q

What is the rectal ampulla

A

dilated terminal part of rectum

43
Q

What are the 3 transverse rectal folds?

A

superior, intermediate, inferior

44
Q

What is the pectinate line

A

line joining the inferior ends of the anal valves

45
Q

Where is the spleen located

A

ribs 9/10/11
midaxillary lines
btwn stomach and diaphragm

46
Q

Two ligaments associated with the spleen

A

gastrosplenic

splenorenal

47
Q

From what mesentery is the spleen formed from?

A

dorsal mesentery from mesoderm

48
Q

Where is the pancreas located?

A

L1/L2

49
Q

Is the pancreas retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal?

A

2ndarily retroperitoneal

50
Q

4 parts of the pancreas

A

tail, body, neck, head

51
Q

From what mesentery is the pancreas from?

A

ventral mesentery from ventral bud and a larger dorsal but from dorsal mesentery

52
Q

How do the ventral and dorsal buds come together for the pancreas?

A

rotation of the stomach and duodenum beings them together

53
Q

What forms the duodenal papilla

A

the common hepatopancreatic ampulla

54
Q

What makes up the common hepatopancreatic ampulla

A

bile duct, pancreatic duct, 2nd part of duodenum

55
Q

Where is the liver located in the abdomen?

A

right upper quadrant

56
Q

What is the ligament on the anterior side

A

falciform ligment

57
Q

What are the 4 lobes of the liver

A

Right, Left, Caudate, Quadrate

58
Q

What defines the bare area of the liver

A

the anterior, posterior, left and right coronary ligaments

59
Q

What does the bare area of the liver include

A

where the IVC is posterior to the liver and the hepatic hepatic veins drain into it

60
Q

What is on the visceral surface of the liver

A

ligamentum venosum
round ligament
hepatic fossa for gallbladder
lobes of the liver

61
Q

Feature of the visceral surface of the liver

A

porta hepatis
ligamentum teres
ligamentum venosum
hepatic fossa for gallbladder

62
Q

What does the porta hepatis transmit

A

portal triad

63
Q

What is in the portal triad

A

hepatic artery (proper)
portal hepatic vein
common bile duct

64
Q

What is the ligamentum teres a remnant of

A

ubliterated umbilical vein

65
Q

What is the ligamentum venosum a remnant of

A

ductus venosis

66
Q

What was the function of the fuctus venosis

A

connect the umbilical vein with IVC

67
Q

What is the peritoneal attachment of the falciform ligament

A

ligamentum teres

68
Q

What is the peritoneal attachment of the lesser omentum

A

hepatoduodenal and hepatogastric ligaments

69
Q

What is the purpose of the peritoneal attachments of the liver

A

to anchor the liver to the stomach

70
Q

Where is the gallbladder located

A

right upper quadrant in the hepatic fossa

9/10th costal cartilage

71
Q

What are the 3 parts of the gall bladder

A

fundus, body, neck

72
Q

What form the common hepatic duct

A

R hepatic duct and L hepatic duct

73
Q

What are the extrahepatic bile passages

A
  1. R hepatic duct
  2. L hepatic duct (forming common hepatic duct)
  3. Cystic duct
  4. Common bile duct
74
Q

What forms the common bile duct

A

the cystic duct and the common hepatic duct

75
Q

Where does the bile duct enter the duodenum

A

2nd part of duodenum with pancreatic duct

76
Q

What is the major duodenal papilla

A

where the pancreatic duct and common bile duct connect to the duodenum

77
Q

What is the minor duodenal papilla

A

where the accessory pancreatic duct enters the duodenum

GI System Midterm (7 decks)

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