Organs of the Gastrointestinal Tract #4,5

Question 1

What level does the esophagus pierce the diaphragm?

Answer 1

T10

Question 2

Where does the esophagus enter the stomach

Answer 2

T11

Question 3

Where is the esophageal hiatus located?

Answer 3

T10

Question 4

What is located at T8?

Answer 4

inferior vena cava

Question 5

What is located at T12?

Answer 5

Aorta

Question 6

“Sliding” hiatal hernia

Answer 6

• esophageal hiatus of diaphragm enlarges or weakens

- abdominal esophagus and parts of stomach (cardia and/or fundus) herniate into the thorax

Question 7

Paraesophageal hernia

Answer 7

defect in diaphragm next to the esophageal hiatus

*stomach but NOT esophagus herniates

Question 8

What level is the stomach located?

Answer 8

L end @ T10-11

R end @ L1-2

Question 9

What is the entrance of the stomach into the duodenum called?

Answer 9

pyloric orifice

Question 10

What are the folds of the stomach called

Answer 10

rugae

Question 11

Where is the small intestine located?

Answer 11

between the stomach and large intestine

Question 12

What are the 3 parts of the small intestine?

Answer 12

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

Question 13

What level is the location of the duodenum?

Answer 13

L1-L4

Question 14

How long is the duodenum?

Answer 14

10 inches long

Question 15

What are the 4 subdivisions of the duodenum?

Answer 15

superior, descending, horizontal, and ascending

Question 16

Is the duodenum primary or secondarily retroperiotneal?

Answer 16

secondary except for 1st and 4th part

Question 17

Characteristics of the superior duodenum

Answer 17

• start at pyloric sphincter
• about 2 inches long
• held in place by hepatoduodenal ligament
• head of pancreas is inferior

Question 18

Characteristics of descending duodenum

Answer 18

• about 3 inches long

* all retroperitoneal secondarily

Question 19

Characteristics of horizontal duodenum

Answer 19

superior mesenteric a and v and root of mesentery cross anterior

Question 20

Characteristics of the ascending duodenum

Answer 20

• becomes intraperitoneal

* held in place by suspensory ligament

Question 21

What ligament suspends the ascending duodenum?

Answer 21

• Ligament of Treitz

Question 22

What is the function of the suspensory ligament (Treitz)

Answer 22

anchor 4th part of duodenum to R crus of diaphragm

Question 23

How long is the jejunum/ileum?

Answer 23

20 feet

• very mobile
• held to posterior wall by THE mesentery

Question 24

How long is the jejunum?

Answer 24

8-10 feet

Question 25

Characteristics of the jejunum

Answer 25

``` simple vascular arcades long vasa recta more vascular greater diameter more plicae circularis ```

Question 26

What is the plicae circularis

Answer 26

the circular folds of the small intestine

Question 27

How long is the ileum?

Answer 27

10-12 feet

Question 28

Characteristics of the ileum

Answer 28

- compound vascular arcades - shorter vasa recta - less vascular - smaller diameter - fewer plicae circularis

Question 29

What organ is Meckel's Diverticulum associated with?

Answer 29

Ileum

Question 30

What is Meckel's Diverticulum?

Answer 30

Mot common congenital anomoly of small intestine

Question 31

What is Meckel's Diverticulum a remnant of?

Answer 31

vitelline duct

Question 32

Function of THE mesentery in the small intestines

Answer 32

attaches the jejunum and ileum to posterior body wall

Question 33

Characteristics of large intestine

Answer 33

``` taenia coli appendices epiplociae (epiploic appendages) ```

Question 34

Functions of large intestine

Answer 34

``` fecal formation transport evacuation water absorption mucus secretion ```

Question 35

Function of taenia coli

Answer 35

3 bands of longitudinal muscle on the outside of colon

Question 36

Haustrae function

Answer 36

produced by taenia coli | slow movement of feces

Question 37

What is unique about the cecum

Answer 37

no epiploic appenendages | not a true sphincter

Question 38

Characteristics of the vermiform appendix

Answer 38

junction of 3 taenia coli | 9-10 cm long

Question 39

What is unique about both the ascending and descending colon

Answer 39

both are secondarily retroperitoneal

Question 40

What is unique about the transverse the sigmoid colon

Answer 40

both are intraperitoneal

Question 41

What is the anal rectal line

Answer 41

line joining the tops of the anal columns

Question 42

What is the rectal ampulla

Answer 42

dilated terminal part of rectum

Question 43

What are the 3 transverse rectal folds?

Answer 43

superior, intermediate, inferior

Question 44

What is the pectinate line

Answer 44

line joining the inferior ends of the anal valves

Question 45

Where is the spleen located

Answer 45

ribs 9/10/11 midaxillary lines btwn stomach and diaphragm

Question 46

Two ligaments associated with the spleen

Answer 46

gastrosplenic | splenorenal

Question 47

From what mesentery is the spleen formed from?

Answer 47

dorsal mesentery from mesoderm

Question 48

Where is the pancreas located?

Answer 48

L1/L2

Question 49

Is the pancreas retroperitoneal or intraperitoneal?

Answer 49

2ndarily retroperitoneal

Question 50

4 parts of the pancreas

Answer 50

tail, body, neck, head

Question 51

From what mesentery is the pancreas from?

Answer 51

ventral mesentery from ventral bud and a larger dorsal but from dorsal mesentery

Question 52

How do the ventral and dorsal buds come together for the pancreas?

Answer 52

rotation of the stomach and duodenum beings them together

Question 53

What forms the duodenal papilla

Answer 53

the common hepatopancreatic ampulla

Question 54

What makes up the common hepatopancreatic ampulla

Answer 54

bile duct, pancreatic duct, 2nd part of duodenum

Question 55

Where is the liver located in the abdomen?

Answer 55

right upper quadrant

Question 56

What is the ligament on the anterior side

Answer 56

falciform ligment

Question 57

What are the 4 lobes of the liver

Answer 57

Right, Left, Caudate, Quadrate

Question 58

What defines the bare area of the liver

Answer 58

the anterior, posterior, left and right coronary ligaments

Question 59

What does the bare area of the liver include

Answer 59

where the IVC is posterior to the liver and the hepatic hepatic veins drain into it

Question 60

What is on the visceral surface of the liver

Answer 60

ligamentum venosum round ligament hepatic fossa for gallbladder lobes of the liver

Question 61

Feature of the visceral surface of the liver

Answer 61

porta hepatis ligamentum teres ligamentum venosum hepatic fossa for gallbladder

Question 62

What does the porta hepatis transmit

Answer 62

portal triad

Question 63

What is in the portal triad

Answer 63

hepatic artery (proper) portal hepatic vein common bile duct

Question 64

What is the ligamentum teres a remnant of

Answer 64

ubliterated umbilical vein

Question 65

What is the ligamentum venosum a remnant of

Answer 65

ductus venosis

Question 66

What was the function of the fuctus venosis

Answer 66

connect the umbilical vein with IVC

Question 67

What is the peritoneal attachment of the falciform ligament

Answer 67

ligamentum teres

Question 68

What is the peritoneal attachment of the lesser omentum

Answer 68

hepatoduodenal and hepatogastric ligaments

Question 69

What is the purpose of the peritoneal attachments of the liver

Answer 69

to anchor the liver to the stomach

Question 70

Where is the gallbladder located

Answer 70

right upper quadrant in the hepatic fossa | 9/10th costal cartilage

Question 71

What are the 3 parts of the gall bladder

Answer 71

fundus, body, neck

Question 72

What form the common hepatic duct

Answer 72

R hepatic duct and L hepatic duct

Question 73

What are the extrahepatic bile passages

Answer 73

1. R hepatic duct 2. L hepatic duct (forming common hepatic duct) 3. Cystic duct 4. Common bile duct

Question 74

What forms the common bile duct

Answer 74

the cystic duct and the common hepatic duct

Question 75

Where does the bile duct enter the duodenum

Answer 75

2nd part of duodenum with pancreatic duct

Question 76

What is the major duodenal papilla

Answer 76

where the pancreatic duct and common bile duct connect to the duodenum

Question 77

What is the minor duodenal papilla

Answer 77

where the accessory pancreatic duct enters the duodenum