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GI System Midterm > Embryology of GI System > Flashcards

Embryology of GI System Flashcards

1
Q

Foregut

A

esophagus, stomach, 1/2 duodenum, liver gallbladder, pancreas, spleen

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2
Q

Blood supply to foregut

A

celiac artery

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3
Q

Preganglionic sympathetic innervation of foregut

A

T5-T9

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4
Q

Preaortic ganglion sympathetic innervation for foregut

A

celiac

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5
Q

Postganglionic axons of sympathetic foregut

A

celiac artery

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6
Q

Preganglionic parasympathetic innervation for foregut

A

brainstem

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7
Q

Parasymp innervation for foregut

A

vagus n

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8
Q

Location of parasymp foregut ganglia

A

organ walla

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9
Q

Midgut organs

A

1/2 duodenum, jejunum, ileum, cecum, appendix, ascending colon, 2/3 transverse colon

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10
Q

Blood supply to the midgut

A

superior mesenteric artery

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11
Q

Preganglionic sympathetic innervation for midgut

A

T9-T12

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12
Q

Preaortic ganglion for sympathetic midgut

A

superior mesenteric

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13
Q

Postganglionic axons for sympathetic midgut

A

superior mesenteric a

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14
Q

Preganglionic bodies for parasymp midgut

A

brainstem

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15
Q

Parasymp innervation for midgut

A

vagus n

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16
Q

Hindgut organs

A

1/3 transverse colon, descending colon, sigmoid colon, rectum, upper anal canal

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17
Q

Blood supply for hindgut

A

inferior mesenteric a

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18
Q

Preganglionic bodies for sympathetic innervation

A

T12-L2

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19
Q

Preaortic ganglion for sympathetic hindgut

A

Innferior mesenteric

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20
Q

Postganglionic sympathetic innervation for hindgut

A

inferior mesenteric a

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21
Q

Preganglionic bodies for parasymp hindgut

A

S2-S4

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22
Q

Nerves for parasymp innervation

A

pelvic splanchnic nerves

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23
Q

Retinoic acid in GI development

A

creates gradient and for certain transcription factors to be expressed in different areas of the gut

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24
Q

Proximal to distal concentration of distal gut tube

A

Increasing retinoic acid

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25
Q

Sonic Hedgehog in gut tube development

A

initiates interaction between epithelium and mesenchyme

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26
Q

Where is epithelium derived from

A

endoderm

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27
Q

Where is mesenchyme derived from

A

splanchnic mesoderm

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28
Q

What is derived from the endoderm

A

epithelium and glands

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29
Q

What is derived from splanchnic mesoderm

A

lamina proria, submucosa, muscularis layers, serosa/adventitia

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30
Q

What mesesntery is the gut tube suspended by?

A

doral

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31
Q

What forms from the ventral mesentery

A

from developing liver- falciform ligament, lesser omentum

32
Q

What does the esophagus form from

A

laryngeotracheal diverticulum

33
Q

How does tracheoesophageal fistula form

A

failure of tracheoesophageal septum to fuse completely and separate respiratory and GI system

34
Q

What occurs with an esophageal atresia

A

esophagus ends in blind pouch

35
Q

Esophageal stenosis

A

narrowed esophagus

36
Q

Esophageal atresia

A

occluded esophagus

37
Q

What can occur due to incomplete recanalization

A

esophageal stenosis or atresia

38
Q

3 ways for esophageal replacement

A

colon interposition, gastric tube esophagoplasty, gastric transposition

39
Q

Coloninterposition

A

section of colon taken and joined to esophagus above and stomach below

40
Q

Gastric tube esophagoplasty

A

longitudinal segment from stomach is pulled up into chest and joined to esophagus

41
Q

Gastric transposition

A

whole stomach freed and moved into thoracic cavity and attached to upper end of esophagus

42
Q

Corkscrew esophagus

A

esophagus shows corkscrew appearance

43
Q

Zenker’s diverticulum

A

out pocketing of esophagus between constrictor muscles that can get food or fluid trapped in it

44
Q

Which part of the stomach develops from the dorsal mesentery

A

greater curvature

45
Q

Which part of the stomach develops from the ventral mesentery

A

lesser curvature

46
Q

Which side of the stomach grows faster

A

dorsal side (left)

47
Q

Hypertrophic pyloric stenosis

A

2-3 weeks after birth, projectile vomit with no bile , scaphoid abdomen

48
Q

Double bubble sign

A

duodenal atresia- air in stomach and into duodenum

49
Q

What mesentery do the liver, gallbladder, and bile ducts develop in

A

ventral mesentery

50
Q

Molecular regulation of liver by

A

FGF2 and BMP

51
Q

Growth of the liver divides ventral mesentery into..

A

falciform ligament and lesser omentum

52
Q

Ligamentum venosum is a fibrous remnant of…

A

ductus venosus

53
Q

Legamentum terest hepatis is remnant of…

A

Left umbilical vein

54
Q

S/S of extrahepatic biliary atresia

A

jaundice, dark urine, pale stool

55
Q

Cause of extrahepatic biliary atresia

A

incomplete canalization of bile duct

56
Q

Major regulators of the pancreas

A

Islets of langerhan

57
Q

Which pancreatic bud makes minor papilla

A

dorsal

58
Q

Which pancreatic bud makes major papilla

A

ventral

59
Q

Rotation and fixation of midgut

A

normal physiologic herniation, gut loops into umbilical cord, loop rotates 90 degrees around SMA

60
Q

Volvulus

A

abnormal twisting of the intestine causing obstruction

61
Q

Bilious Emesis

A

starts throwing up bile vomit (green)

62
Q

What can cause bilious emesis

A

malrotation within volvulus `

63
Q

Intussusception

A

enfolding of one segment of intestine within another

64
Q

Omphalocele

A

herniation of gut tube that doesn’t come back and is covered by umbilical cord

65
Q

Gastroschisis

A

herniation of gut tube not covered by umbilical cord

66
Q

How does gastroschisis occur

A

failure of anterior abdominal wall musculature to close during folding

67
Q

Prune Belly

A

anterior abdominal wall is deficient of absent

68
Q

Ileal/Meckel’s diverticulum is a remnant of..

A

vitelline duct

69
Q

Rule of 2’s

A

location 2 feet proximal to ieocecal valve in adults, half of those who are symptomatic are younger than 2 years of age

70
Q

What happens during an umbilical hernia

A

gut pushes skin and fascia out ahead of it

71
Q

Hirschsprung’s disease

A

megacolon- large pockets of feces in part of colon that doesn’t work

72
Q

What is the only proven treatment for Hirschsprung’s disease

A

surgery

73
Q

Defects in partitioning of the cloaca

A

rectourethral fistula (or rectoprostatic/rectovaginal)

74
Q

Low anorectal malformation

A

anal canal ends as bind sac below pelvic diaphragm

75
Q

High anorectal malformation

A

rectum ends as a blind pouch above the pelvic diaphragm

GI System Midterm (7 decks)

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