Digestive Glands Flashcards
Functions of digestive glands
lubricative, protective, digestive, absorptive
3 major glands
salivary, exocrine and liver
What 3 glands are included in the salivary gland
parotid, submandibular, sublingual
Exocrine gland
secrete something into a duct and they can be simple or compound
Function of excretory duct
divided into simple (unbranched) and branched or compound (branched)
Function of secretory unit
tubular or alveolar (acinar)
Secretory products
mucous or serous
Secretory mechanism
merocrine, holocrine, and apocrine
What is merocrine
exocytosis
What is holocrine
whole cell
What is apocrine
gland releases its product together with small amount of apical cytoplasm
What is the classification of salivary glands
branched tubuloalveolar
Contents of saliva
proteins, glycoproteins, ions, water, immunoglobulin
What innervation is the production of saliva
ANS
What kind of fluid does submandibular make
mixed- mucous and serous
What kind of fluid does sublingual gland make
mucous
What kind of fluid does parotid gland make
serous
Main functions of saliva
lubrication, protection, digestion
What is involved in protective mechanism of saliva
lysozymes, lactoferrin, IgA
What is involved in digestive function of saliva
amylase and lipase
Enzymes in the parotid gland
amylase, peroxidase, lysozyme
Which gland is the primary target in mumps and rabies
parotid gland
S/S of mumps
swelling of parotid gland
What type of gland is sublingual classified as
branched tubuloalveolar
T/F The pancreas has only exocrine function
F- it has both exocrine and endocrine
What is the endocrine function of the pancreas
regulation of glucose metabolism by hormones secreted into bloodstream
What is the endocrine component
islet of Langerhans
What is the functional unit of the exocrine pancreas
acinus
Function of centroacinar cells
specific characteristic of the pancreas
involved in digestion
secrete bicarbonate
What is the function of the center of the acinus
secretory function
Other name for centroacinar cells
duct cells
What hormone helps centeracinar cells secrete bicarb
secretin
Why does the pancreas want to secrete bicarb
regulate the acidity of the duodenum
What hormone does the pancreas secrete
CCK- cholecystokinin and secretin
Function of CCK
stimulates release of zymogen
Which of the pancreatic secretions will increase on protein-rich diet
protease
What pancreatic secretion will be increased with carbohydrate-rich diet
amylases
Relationship between amylase and insulin
amylase gene expression regulated by insulin
How does acute pancreatitis occur
premature activation of pancreatic enzymes and inactivation of trypsin inhibitor causing pancreas to digest itself
What can cause acute pancreatitis
heavy meals or excessive alcohol ingestion
What two things supply the liver with blood
portal vein and hepatic artery
Structural and functional unit of the liver
hepatic lobule
What does a hepatic lobue consist of
anastomosing plates of hepatocytes
What is the central venule?
core of hepatic lobule that collects sinusoidal blood containing mixture of blood from portal vein and hepatic artery
What is the classic hepatic lobule
hexagonal lobule, surrounding central vein
portal triads at angles
What is the portal lobule characteristics
triangular arrangement
center of triangle is the bile duct
angles are the central veins of 3 hepatic lobules
What is the liver acinus based on
oxygen gradient of venous sinusoids of adjacent lobules
How many zones if the liver acinus divided into
3 based on blood supply to hepatocytes
Where are sinusoids located?
between the radiating rows of hepatocytes
Function of sinusoids
receive oxygen-rich blood from hepatic artery and nutrients from intestine via portal vein
Specialized macrophages in the liver
Kupffer cells
3 components of portal triad
hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery, and common bile duct
What makes up the common bile duct?
cystic duct and hepatic duct
Where does the common bile duct drain into?
duodenum
Function of Kupffer cells
break down old red blood cells
Endothelium of liver
discontinuous
Where is the space of Disse
space between fenestrated endothelium and cord of hepatocytes
Function of space of Disse
permits blood plasma to wash freely over hepatocytes
Where are Ito cells located
in the space of disse
Function of Ito cells
storage sites for fat and vitamin A
Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is found in what structure of the liver..
hepatocyte
Function of peroxisomes in the liver
break down into oxygen and water to make hydrogen peroxidase
Function of hepatocytes as SER
- synthesis of cholesterol and bile salts
- conjugation of bilirubin
- breakdown glycogen into glucose
- detoxification of lipid-soluble drugs
Function of bile
essential for breaking own things in the duodenum
How is bilirubin made
via heme catabolism
What protein does the bilirubin complex with in the blood
albumin
Long-term consumption of ethanol can lead to….
fatty live
Main function of the gallbladder
storage, concentration, and release of bile
2 main causes of gallstones
cholesterol stones or pigment stones
