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GI System Midterm > Digestive Glands > Flashcards

Digestive Glands Flashcards

1
Q

Functions of digestive glands

A

lubricative, protective, digestive, absorptive

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2
Q

3 major glands

A

salivary, exocrine and liver

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3
Q

What 3 glands are included in the salivary gland

A

parotid, submandibular, sublingual

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4
Q

Exocrine gland

A

secrete something into a duct and they can be simple or compound

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5
Q

Function of excretory duct

A

divided into simple (unbranched) and branched or compound (branched)

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6
Q

Function of secretory unit

A

tubular or alveolar (acinar)

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7
Q

Secretory products

A

mucous or serous

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8
Q

Secretory mechanism

A

merocrine, holocrine, and apocrine

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9
Q

What is merocrine

A

exocytosis

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10
Q

What is holocrine

A

whole cell

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11
Q

What is apocrine

A

gland releases its product together with small amount of apical cytoplasm

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12
Q

What is the classification of salivary glands

A

branched tubuloalveolar

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13
Q

Contents of saliva

A

proteins, glycoproteins, ions, water, immunoglobulin

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14
Q

What innervation is the production of saliva

A

ANS

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15
Q

What kind of fluid does submandibular make

A

mixed- mucous and serous

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16
Q

What kind of fluid does sublingual gland make

A

mucous

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17
Q

What kind of fluid does parotid gland make

A

serous

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18
Q

Main functions of saliva

A

lubrication, protection, digestion

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19
Q

What is involved in protective mechanism of saliva

A

lysozymes, lactoferrin, IgA

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20
Q

What is involved in digestive function of saliva

A

amylase and lipase

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21
Q

Enzymes in the parotid gland

A

amylase, peroxidase, lysozyme

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22
Q

Which gland is the primary target in mumps and rabies

A

parotid gland

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23
Q

S/S of mumps

A

swelling of parotid gland

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24
Q

What type of gland is sublingual classified as

A

branched tubuloalveolar

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25
Q

T/F The pancreas has only exocrine function

A

F- it has both exocrine and endocrine

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26
Q

What is the endocrine function of the pancreas

A

regulation of glucose metabolism by hormones secreted into bloodstream

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27
Q

What is the endocrine component

A

islet of Langerhans

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28
Q

What is the functional unit of the exocrine pancreas

A

acinus

29
Q

Function of centroacinar cells

A

specific characteristic of the pancreas
involved in digestion
secrete bicarbonate

30
Q

What is the function of the center of the acinus

A

secretory function

31
Q

Other name for centroacinar cells

A

duct cells

32
Q

What hormone helps centeracinar cells secrete bicarb

A

secretin

33
Q

Why does the pancreas want to secrete bicarb

A

regulate the acidity of the duodenum

34
Q

What hormone does the pancreas secrete

A

CCK- cholecystokinin and secretin

35
Q

Function of CCK

A

stimulates release of zymogen

36
Q

Which of the pancreatic secretions will increase on protein-rich diet

A

protease

37
Q

What pancreatic secretion will be increased with carbohydrate-rich diet

A

amylases

38
Q

Relationship between amylase and insulin

A

amylase gene expression regulated by insulin

39
Q

How does acute pancreatitis occur

A

premature activation of pancreatic enzymes and inactivation of trypsin inhibitor causing pancreas to digest itself

40
Q

What can cause acute pancreatitis

A

heavy meals or excessive alcohol ingestion

41
Q

What two things supply the liver with blood

A

portal vein and hepatic artery

42
Q

Structural and functional unit of the liver

A

hepatic lobule

43
Q

What does a hepatic lobue consist of

A

anastomosing plates of hepatocytes

44
Q

What is the central venule?

A

core of hepatic lobule that collects sinusoidal blood containing mixture of blood from portal vein and hepatic artery

45
Q

What is the classic hepatic lobule

A

hexagonal lobule, surrounding central vein

portal triads at angles

46
Q

What is the portal lobule characteristics

A

triangular arrangement
center of triangle is the bile duct
angles are the central veins of 3 hepatic lobules

47
Q

What is the liver acinus based on

A

oxygen gradient of venous sinusoids of adjacent lobules

48
Q

How many zones if the liver acinus divided into

A

3 based on blood supply to hepatocytes

49
Q

Where are sinusoids located?

A

between the radiating rows of hepatocytes

50
Q

Function of sinusoids

A

receive oxygen-rich blood from hepatic artery and nutrients from intestine via portal vein

51
Q

Specialized macrophages in the liver

A

Kupffer cells

52
Q

3 components of portal triad

A

hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery, and common bile duct

53
Q

What makes up the common bile duct?

A

cystic duct and hepatic duct

54
Q

Where does the common bile duct drain into?

A

duodenum

55
Q

Function of Kupffer cells

A

break down old red blood cells

56
Q

Endothelium of liver

A

discontinuous

57
Q

Where is the space of Disse

A

space between fenestrated endothelium and cord of hepatocytes

58
Q

Function of space of Disse

A

permits blood plasma to wash freely over hepatocytes

59
Q

Where are Ito cells located

A

in the space of disse

60
Q

Function of Ito cells

A

storage sites for fat and vitamin A

61
Q

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum is found in what structure of the liver..

A

hepatocyte

62
Q

Function of peroxisomes in the liver

A

break down into oxygen and water to make hydrogen peroxidase

63
Q

Function of hepatocytes as SER

A
  1. synthesis of cholesterol and bile salts
  2. conjugation of bilirubin
  3. breakdown glycogen into glucose
  4. detoxification of lipid-soluble drugs
64
Q

Function of bile

A

essential for breaking own things in the duodenum

65
Q

How is bilirubin made

A

via heme catabolism

66
Q

What protein does the bilirubin complex with in the blood

A

albumin

67
Q

Long-term consumption of ethanol can lead to….

A

fatty live

68
Q

Main function of the gallbladder

A

storage, concentration, and release of bile

69
Q

2 main causes of gallstones

A

cholesterol stones or pigment stones

GI System Midterm (7 decks)

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