Posterior Abdominal Wall

Question 1

Psoas minor

Answer 1

Flex trunk weakly

Question 2

Layers

Answer 2

Skin - superficial fascia (Camper’s) - muscles - endoabdominal fascia - extraperitoneal

Question 3

Psoas major

Answer 3

Flex and externally rotate hip joint
Flex trunk

Question 4

Iliacus

Answer 4

Flex and externally rotate hip joint
Flex trunk

Question 5

Quadratus lumborum

Answer 5

Fixes rib during inspiration, contraction of diaphragm
Bend trunk to same side

Question 6

Endoabdominal fascia

Answer 6

Iliopsoas and thoracolumbar fascia
Continuous with transversals fascia

Question 7

Psoas fascia

Answer 7

Lies deep to posts major and minor
Thickens superiorly at medial arcuate ligament

Question 8

Thoracolumbar fascia

Answer 8

Splits into three layers
Anterior = lines quadrates lumborum
Middle & posterior = wrap around erector spinae
Thickens superior at lateral arcuate ligament

Question 9

Iliopsoas fascia

Answer 9

Irritation can be associated with inflammation of surrounding organs

Ex. lies under appendix on right

Question 10

Psoas sign

Answer 10

Lie on side, extend thigh back
Positive if abdominal pain

Question 11

Lumbar plexus

Answer 11

Formed by ventral rami
L1 iliohypogasric and ilioinguinal
L1-L2 genitofemoral
L2-L3 lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh
L2-L4 obturator nerve
L2-L4 femoral nerve

Question 12

Iliohypogasric and ilioinguinal nerves

Answer 12

L1
Lateral to psoas

Question 13

Genitofemoral nerve

Answer 13

L1-L2
Anterior to psoas

Question 14

Lateral cutaneous nerve of thigh

Answer 14

L2-L3
Lateral to psoas

Question 15

Obturator nerve

Answer 15

L2-L4
Medial to psoas

Question 16

Femoral nerve

Answer 16

L2-L4
Lateral to psoas

Question 17

Diaphragm

Answer 17

Separates abdomen from thorax

Question 18

Crus of diaphragm

Answer 18

Left - L2, right to L3/L4 (longer)
Join at midline to form median arcuate ligament
Pierced by thoracic splanchnic nerves

Question 19

Caval opening

Answer 19

T8
IVC, right phrenic

Question 20

Esophageal hiatus

Answer 20

T10
Esophagus, vagal trunk

Question 21

Aortic hiatus

Answer 21

T12
Aorta, thoracic duct, azygos vein

Question 22

Sternocostal triangle

Answer 22

Small opening between sternal and costal attachments of diaphragm

Superior epigastric vessels pass

Question 23

Blood supply of diaphragm

Answer 23

Superior phrenic
Inferior phrenic
Pericardiacophrenic
Musculophrenic

Question 24

Nerves of diaphragm

Answer 24

Phrenic
Lower intercostal n

Question 25

Hiatal hernia

Answer 25

Stomach produces through esophageal hiatus

Question 26

Paraesophageal hiatal hernia

Answer 26

Fundus of stomach thru esophageal hiatus

Question 27

Sliding hiatal hernia

Answer 27

Esophagus, cardia and fungus thru esophageal hiatus

Question 28

Arteries of post abdominal wall

Answer 28

Celiac trunk SMA IMA Suprarenal Renal Gonadal Subcostal Inferior phrenic Lumbar

Question 29

Veins of post abdominal wall

Answer 29

Receives less common iliac veins Left inferior phrenic, suprarenal and gonadal veins join left renal vein Lumbar veins drain into azygous and hemiazygous

Question 30

Intercaval anastamosis

Answer 30

IVC Common iliac External iliac Subclavian Brachiocephalic SVC

Question 31

Lymph nodes of posterior abdominal wall

Answer 31

Celiac/SMA/IMA Aortic Common iliac Internal and external iliac

Question 32

Cisterna chyli

Answer 32

Sac at end of thoracic duct, drains into left venous angle