Inguinal Canal & Scrotum

Question 1

Hernias

Answer 1

Protrusion of organ to ab wall deficiency
Inguinal
Umbilical
Incisional
Epigastric
Spigelian

Question 2

Inguinal canal

Answer 2

Openings at deep inguinal ring and superficial inguinal ring

Question 3

Superficial inguinal ring

Answer 3

External
Opening in aponeurosis of external oblique
More lateral

Question 4

Deep inguinal ring

Answer 4

Internal
Deficiency in transversals fascia
More medial

Question 5

Formation of inguinal canal MALES

Answer 5

Gubernaculum pulls testis along with processus vaginalis (peritoneum) thru inguinal canal
Contains spermatic nerve and ilioinguinal nerve

Question 6

Formation of inguinal canal FEMALES

Answer 6

Processus vaginalis passes thru ab wall and ovaries descend

Ligament of ovary and round ligament formed by gubernaculum, pass through inguinal canal

Contains round ligament, ilioinguinal nerve and genital branch of genitofemoral n.

Question 7

Persistence of processus vaginalis

Answer 7

Doesn’t obliterate, fills with fluid - hydrocele
Hydrocele of testis - noncommunicating
Hydrocele of cord - communicating

Hematocele is blood

Question 8

Undescended/cryptorchid testis

Answer 8

Testis fail to reach floor of testis

Question 9

Maldescent of testis

Answer 9

Testis travels down abnormal path ex. thigh, root of penis

Question 10

Contents of spermatic cord

Answer 10

Suspends testis in scrotum
Ductus deferens, testicular a, cremasteric a, pampiniform venous plexus, autonomic fibers, genital branch of gentiofemoral n, lymphatic vessels

Question 11

Scarpe’s f in spermatic cord

Answer 11

Dartos m and f

Question 12

External oblique m

Answer 12

External spermatic f

Question 13

Internal oblique m & f

Answer 13

Cremasteric m & f

Question 14

Transversalis fascia

Answer 14

Internal spermatic f

Question 15

Extraperitoneal fatty tissue

Answer 15

Fat

Question 16

Peritoneum

Answer 16

Tunica vaginalis

Question 17

Cremasteric reflex

Answer 17

Stimular superior medial thigh
+ contraction of cremasteric muscle, testis pulled up
- no reflex, could be due to testicular torsion, spinal injury of L1-L2 [genitofemoral n] (m), ilioinguinal nerve (s)

Question 18

Direct inguinal hernia

Answer 18

Medial to inferior epigastric n, in Hassalbach’s triangle
Common in older males, acquired after birth

Question 18

Inguinal hernia

Answer 18

Can occur in myopectineal orrifice

Question 19

Indirect inguinal hernia

Answer 19

Lateral to inferior epigastric n., thru inguinal canal, descends into scrotum
Often congenital
Repaired with laproscopy

Question 20

Space of Bogros

Answer 20

Deep to inguinal ligament
Where laparoscope is inserted

Question 21

Triangle of DOOM

Answer 21

Vas deferens, testicular vessels, peritoneal fold - external iliac vessels can hemorrhage during hernia repair

Question 22

Triangle of PAIN

Answer 22

Inguinal ligament, gonadal vessels, peritoneal fold - femoral, lateral femoral cutaneous, femoral branch of genitofemroal nerves can be affected

Question 23

Corona mortis

Answer 23

Anastamosis between external iliac/inferior epigastric artery with obturator artery

Question 24

Iliohypogastric nerve

Answer 24

Skin over inguinal region, buttocks
Motor for ab muscles

Question 25

Ilioinguinal nerve

Answer 25

Enters inguinal canal with spermatic cord
Motor for scrotum

Question 26

Genital branch of genitofemoral nerve

Answer 26

Enters inguinal canal
Sensory for scrotum and labium majus, motor for cremaster m