Abdominal Viscera Flashcards by Diarratou Kaba

Celiac trunk

Supplies foregut
Distal esophagus, stomach, liver, gallbladder, spleen, 1/2 duodenum

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SMA

Supplies midgut
1/2 duodenum to 2/3 transverse colon

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IMA

Supplies hindgut
1/3 transverse colon to anus

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Esophagus

Begins at pharyngo-esophageal junction, ends at esophageo-gastric junction

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Esophageal constrictions

Upper esophageal sphincter
Thoracic when arch of aorta and left main bronchus cross
Esophageal hiatus at T10

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Esophageal innervation

Esophageal plexus

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Cervical vagus nerves

Run parallel to esophagus
Left vagus - ant vagal trunk
Right vagus - post vagal trunk

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Stomach

J shaped
Cardia, fundus, body, pylorus

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Peritoneal ligaments

Lesser omentum
Greater omentum

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Lesser omentum

Hepatogastric & hepatoduodenal

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Greater omentum

Policeman
Gastrophrenic, gastrosplenic, gastrocolic

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Interior of stomach

Rugae and canal along lesser curve

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Small intenstine

Pylorus to ileoceal junction
1st part of duodenum = intraperitoneal, rest = 2ary retroperitoneal

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Root of the mesentery

Duodenojejunal junction to ileocecal junction

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The Mesentery

Jejunum and ileum

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Duodenum

Superior - L1, starts at hepatoduodenal ligament
Descending - L1-L3, bile & pancreatic duct enter
Horizontal - L3, passes over IVC, aorta: under SMA
Ascending - L3-L2, supported by suspensory ligament of duodenum (Ligament of Treitz)

1ST part of duodenum

Superior
Hepatoduodenal ligament
Intraperitoneal

2ND part of dudoenum

Descending
Common bile and pancreatic ducts empty in major, lower papilla
Retroperitoneal

3RD part of dudoenum

Horizontal
In front of IVC & aorta, behind SM vessels
Retroperiotoneal

4TH part of duodenum

Suspensory ligament/Ligament of Treitz

Duodenum arterial supply

Supplied 1/2 by celiac, 1/2 by SMA
Anastamosis at superior and inferior pancreatoduodenal a.

Peptic ulcers

Lesion of mucosa
Can treat with antibiotics or vagotomy
Posteriorly could affect stomach bed organs

Paraduodenal hernias

Retroperitoneal portions protrude intraperitoneally
Be careful of IMV and ascending l. colic a

Jejunum

Mostly at LUQ, starts of Ligamentum of Treitz

Ileum

RLQ Communicates with LI at ileocecal junction

Jejunum vs ileum

Jejenum has less large arterial arches Jejunm has more tightly packed plicae circularis

Large intenstines

Tenaie coli - muscle bands Haustra - sacs Omental appendages

Cecum

Intraperitoneal RLQ

Appendix

Intraperitoneal Comes off cecum Covered in mesoappendix

Ascending colon

Retroperitoneal Ileocecal junction to right colic flexure

Trasnverse colon

Intraperitoneal Right colic flexure to left colic flexure

Descending colon

Retroperitoneal Left colic flexure to pelvic

Sigmoid colon

Intraperitoneal, S shaped Runs in midline to rectum

Rectum/anus

Retroperitoneal Top 2/3 = visceral Bottom 1/3 = somatic Ampulla stores feces

Appendicitis

Inflaammation of appendix Pain starts around umbilicus (T10) then spreads to RLQ - McBurney's point Treat with appendectomy

Diverticulosis

Presence of tiny bulges, usually in sigmoid colon

Diverticulitis

Inflammation or infections of diverticula

Intussusception

Invagination of bowel segments not another Usually ilecocecal - ileum into cecum Common in babies - currant jelly poop