Posterior Ab. Wall, diaphragm, and Retro Structures Flashcards
insertion of the quadratus lumborum?
inferior border of 12th rib and transverse processes of upper 4 lumbar vertebrae
what is the origin of the quadratus lumborum?
iliolumbar ligament + iliac crest
innervation of quadratus lumborum?
ventral rami of T12 to L3/L4 spinal nerves
What is the action of the quadratus lumborum?
fixes the 12th rib down during inspiration
lateral flexion of the lumbar spine
where do the right and left dome of the diaphragm reach on expiration?
right- upper border of 5th rib
left- lower border of 5th rib
what is transmitted through the aortic hiatus?
aorta
thoracic duct
what is transmitted by the esophageal hiatus?
esophagus
anterior/posterior vagal trunks
esophageal branches of the left gastric vessels
what is transmitted by the caval opening?
IVC
what miscellaneous structures pierce the diaphragm?
greater, lesser, and lowest splanchnic n.
sympathetic trunk
right phrenic nerve
left phrenic nerve
what is the sternocostal triangle?
a small gap in the diaphragm between the sternal and costal parts
what is the innervation of the diaphragm?
phrenic nerve (c3-c5)
what are the main actions of the diaphragm?
inspiration
evacuation of pelvic contents (increase abdominal pressure)
weight-lifting
thoracoabdominal pump
what part of the lumbar plexus forms the iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves?
ventral rami of L1
what part of the lumbar plexus forms the genitofemoral nerve?
ventral rami of L2 and dorsal rami of L1
what part of the lumbar plexus forms the obturator nerve?
branch of ventral ramus of L2
ventral ramus of L3
Ventral ramus of L4 (all anterior division)
what part of the lumbar plexus forms the femoral nerve?
branch of ventral ramus of L2
ventral rami of L3
ventral rami of L4 (all posterior division)
what part of the lumbar plexus forms the lateral cutaneous femoral nerve?
posterior divisions of the ventral rami of L2 and L3
what does the genital branch innervate in males and females?
males: cremaster muscle and skin of scrotum
females: labium majus
what dose the femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve innervate?
thigh and skin of the femoral triangle
what type of branches are part of the lumbar sympathetic trunk?
white rami (L1/L2) = preganglionic fibers gray rami (all)= postganglionic fibers
what are the main functions of the kidney?
excretion of waste
water and electrolyte balance
acid-base blance
regulate blood pressure and hematopoiesis
what two substance help control blood pressure and hematopoiesis?
renin
erythropoietin
what are the coverings of fat on the kidney from deep to superficial that helps hold them in position?
perirenal fat
renal fascia (Gerota’s)
Pararenal fat
where are the 3 most common places for kidney stones (constrictions of the ureter)?
renal pelvis joins ureter
at pelvis brim (crosses bifurcation of common iliac artery)
where it pierces the wall of the bladder (narrowest part)
which adrenal gland is pyramidal and which is crescent shaped?
right is pyramidal (related to IVC)
left is crescent (related to stomach)
where does the cortex and medulla of the adrenal gland originate?
cortex- mesoderm
medulla- ectoderm / neural crest cells!
what hormones does the cortex of the adrenal gland manufacture?
aldosterone- electrolyte and water balance
cortisol- carb, protein, and fat metabolism
androgens- sex hormones
what hormones does the medulla of the adrenal gland make?
epinephrine
what are the 3 arterial branches to the adrenal gland?
superior suprarenal a.
middle suprarenal a.
inferior suprarenal a.
what two branches come off the external iliac artery just before it enters the thigh?
deep circumflex iliac artery
inferior epigastric
what are the visceral tributaries of the IVC?
right and left renal veins
right ovarian/testicular vein
hepatic veins
right suprarenal vein
what are the parietal tributaries of the IVC?
inferior phrenic veins
four pairs of lumbar veins
