Posterior Ab. Wall, diaphragm, and Retro Structures

Question 0

insertion of the quadratus lumborum?

Answer 0

inferior border of 12th rib and transverse processes of upper 4 lumbar vertebrae

Question 1

what is the origin of the quadratus lumborum?

Answer 1

iliolumbar ligament + iliac crest

Question 2

innervation of quadratus lumborum?

Answer 2

ventral rami of T12 to L3/L4 spinal nerves

Question 3

What is the action of the quadratus lumborum?

Answer 3

fixes the 12th rib down during inspiration

lateral flexion of the lumbar spine

Question 4

where do the right and left dome of the diaphragm reach on expiration?

Answer 4

right- upper border of 5th rib

left- lower border of 5th rib

Question 5

what is transmitted through the aortic hiatus?

Answer 5

aorta

thoracic duct

Question 6

what is transmitted by the esophageal hiatus?

Answer 6

esophagus
anterior/posterior vagal trunks
esophageal branches of the left gastric vessels

Question 7

what is transmitted by the caval opening?

Answer 7

IVC

Question 8

what miscellaneous structures pierce the diaphragm?

Answer 8

greater, lesser, and lowest splanchnic n.
sympathetic trunk
right phrenic nerve
left phrenic nerve

Question 9

what is the sternocostal triangle?

Answer 9

a small gap in the diaphragm between the sternal and costal parts

Question 10

what is the innervation of the diaphragm?

Answer 10

phrenic nerve (c3-c5)

Question 11

what are the main actions of the diaphragm?

Answer 11

inspiration
evacuation of pelvic contents (increase abdominal pressure)
weight-lifting
thoracoabdominal pump

Question 12

what part of the lumbar plexus forms the iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves?

Answer 12

ventral rami of L1

Question 13

what part of the lumbar plexus forms the genitofemoral nerve?

Answer 13

ventral rami of L2 and dorsal rami of L1

Question 14

what part of the lumbar plexus forms the obturator nerve?

Answer 14

branch of ventral ramus of L2
ventral ramus of L3
Ventral ramus of L4 (all anterior division)

Question 15

what part of the lumbar plexus forms the femoral nerve?

Answer 15

branch of ventral ramus of L2
ventral rami of L3
ventral rami of L4 (all posterior division)

Question 16

what part of the lumbar plexus forms the lateral cutaneous femoral nerve?

Answer 16

posterior divisions of the ventral rami of L2 and L3

Question 17

what does the genital branch innervate in males and females?

Answer 17

males: cremaster muscle and skin of scrotum
females: labium majus

Question 18

what dose the femoral branch of the genitofemoral nerve innervate?

Answer 18

thigh and skin of the femoral triangle

Question 19

what type of branches are part of the lumbar sympathetic trunk?

Answer 19

white rami (L1/L2) = preganglionic fibers
gray rami (all)= postganglionic fibers

Question 20

what are the main functions of the kidney?

Answer 20

excretion of waste
water and electrolyte balance
acid-base blance
regulate blood pressure and hematopoiesis

Question 21

what two substance help control blood pressure and hematopoiesis?

Answer 21

renin

erythropoietin

Question 22

what are the coverings of fat on the kidney from deep to superficial that helps hold them in position?

Answer 22

perirenal fat
renal fascia (Gerota’s)
Pararenal fat

Question 23

where are the 3 most common places for kidney stones (constrictions of the ureter)?

Answer 23

renal pelvis joins ureter
at pelvis brim (crosses bifurcation of common iliac artery)
where it pierces the wall of the bladder (narrowest part)

Question 24

which adrenal gland is pyramidal and which is crescent shaped?

Answer 24

right is pyramidal (related to IVC)

left is crescent (related to stomach)

Question 25

where does the cortex and medulla of the adrenal gland originate?

Answer 25

cortex- mesoderm

medulla- ectoderm / neural crest cells!

Question 26

what hormones does the cortex of the adrenal gland manufacture?

Answer 26

aldosterone- electrolyte and water balance
cortisol- carb, protein, and fat metabolism
androgens- sex hormones

Question 27

what hormones does the medulla of the adrenal gland make?

Answer 27

epinephrine

Question 28

what are the 3 arterial branches to the adrenal gland?

Answer 28

superior suprarenal a.
middle suprarenal a.
inferior suprarenal a.

Question 29

what two branches come off the external iliac artery just before it enters the thigh?

Answer 29

deep circumflex iliac artery

inferior epigastric

Question 30

what are the visceral tributaries of the IVC?

Answer 30

right and left renal veins
right ovarian/testicular vein
hepatic veins
right suprarenal vein

Question 31

what are the parietal tributaries of the IVC?

Answer 31

inferior phrenic veins

four pairs of lumbar veins