Inguinal Canal, Scotum, Testes Flashcards
what are the openings of the inguinal canal?
superficial inguinal ring- opening in external oblique aponeurosis w/ medial crus, lateral crus, & intercural fibers
Deep inguinal ring- opening in the transversalis fascia
what are the contents of the inguinal canal?
males= spermatic cord + ilioinguinal nerve females= round ligament of the uterus + ilioinguinal nerve
what are the walls of the inguinal canal?
anterior: aponeurosis of the external oblique
posterior: transversalis fascia
inferior: inguinal and lacunar ligaments
superior: arching lowest fibers of internal oblique and transversus abdominis
what are the contents of the spermatic cord?
ductus (vas) deferens testicular artery and pampiniform plexus of veins Lymph vessels Autonomic nerves artery of vas deferens cremasteric artery genital branch of genitofemoral nerve
what does the ductus (vas) deferens do?
tube that transports spermatozoa from epididymis to ejaculatory duct
what is the route of the ductus (vas) deferens?
starts at the epididymus
up the spermatic cord to the deep inguinal ring
descends into pelvis and terminates by joining seminal vesicle
what is the route of the testicular artery and what does it supply?
originates from abdominal aorta and passes through canal
supplies testis and epididymis
what is the route of the testicular plexus (pampiniform plexus)?
ascends and gradually becomes reduced in size
right vein goes to the IVC
left vein goes to LEFT RENAL ARTERY
where does lymph from the scrotum go?
into the superficial inguinal lymph nodes
where does lymph from the testis go?
runs w/ the spermatic cord to the deep inguinal ring then on to the lumbar lymph nodes
what is the route of the artery of the vas deferens?
runs w/ the vas deferens from the pelvis from the vesical artery then anastomoses w/ the testicular artery
what is the route of the cremasteric artery?
branch of the inferior epigastric artery that anastomoses w/ the testicular artery
supplies the coverings of the spermatic cord
what makes up the genital branch of the genitofemoral nerve and what does it innervate?
branch of lumbar plexus w/ fibers from ventral rami of L1 and L2
innervates cremaster m. and skin or scotum or labium majus
where do the testes/ovaries originate?
L1 high on posterior abdominal wall
what layers does the processus vaginalis acquire from each layer it passes through?
Transversalis fascia = internal spermatic fascia transversus abdominis = no covering internal oblique = cremaster muscle + cremasteric fascia external oblique (superficial inguinal ring)= external spermatic fascia
what is the gubernaculum?
band of mesenchyme that extends from the lower end of the developing gonad to the labioscrotal swelling (labia majora in female and scrotum in males)
once the testes descend into the scrotum, what happens to the processus vaginalis?
the proximal portion becomes obliterated and the distal portion turns into the tunica vaginalis (closed sac)
what happens to the gubernaculum as the ovaries start descending?
it attaches to the side of the uterus causing the ovaries to stop and the gubernaculum extending from the ovary to the uterus= ovarian ligament
what is the round ligament of the uterus?
the gubernaculum that extends from the uterus to the labioscrotal swelling (labia majora)
what is the scrotal raphe?
slightly raised ridge in the midline that indicates the area of fusion of the two labioscrotal swellings (scrotum)
what does the dartos muscle do?
causes wrinkling in the scrotal skin and receives sympathetic innervation
the tunica vaginalis has what 2 layers?
visceral (lines the testis) and parietal (lines the inner aspect of the internal spermatic fascia)
how is temperature controlled for spermatogenesis?
reflex contraction by cremaster and dartos muscles
heat exchange and stabilization by the pampiniform plexus and testicular artery
what is the outer covering of each testis called?
tunica albuginea (which is covered by the visceral layer of the tunica vaginalis)
what is the route of tubules within the testes
each lobule has 1-3 seminiferous tubules
these open into rete testis
the rete testis open into efferent ductules
the efferent ductules open into the upper end of the epididymis
what is the function of the epididymis
it stores and matures spermatozoa
what is the most common type of abdominal hernia?
inguinal hernia (more often in males than females)
what is the definition of a direct inguinal hernia?
the hernia sac leaves the abdominal cavity medial to the inferior epigastric vessels through an area of relative weakness in the posterior wall of the inguinal canal
what is the definition of an indirect inguinal hernia?
the hernial sac leaves the abdominal cavity lateral to the inferior epigastric vessels through the deep inguinal ring
MOST COMMON TYPE OF INGUINAL HERNIA
