Abdominal wall Flashcards
Where does the dermatome of T10 pass?
the umbilicus
where does the dermatome of T7 pass?
over the xiphoid process
Where does the dermatome of L1 pass?
just above the inguinal ligament
Where is the anatomical relation of the umbilicus in the body?
T10
What are the planes that mark the 9 regions of the body?
2 midclavicular planes
subcostal plane
transtubercular plane
What are the 2 planes that mark the 4 quadrants of the body?
transverse transumbilical plane
median plane
What is the cutaneous nerve supply of the skin of the anterior abdominal wall?
T7-T12 + L1
Scarpa’s fascia enters the wall of the scrotum or the labia majora and attaches to the pubis arch. What is it then called?
Colles Fascia
what is the origin of the external oblique muscles?
outer surface of the lower 8 ribs
What is the insertion of the external oblique?
iliac crest, pubic bone, linea alba, and xiphoid process
What is the action of the external oblique?
lateral flexion and rotation of the trunk
what forms the inguinal ligament and where does this ligament extend?
lower border of the external oblique aponeurosis
It extends from the ASIS to the pubic tubercle
what is the lacunar ligament?
crescent shaped extension at the medial end of the inguinal ligament
What is the superficial ring and why is it significant?
it is an opening in the external oblique aponeurosis right above the pubic tubercle and it forms the anterior and superficial opening of the inguinal canal
what is the origin of the internal oblique?
thoracolumbar fascia , iliac crest, lateral part of the inguinal ligament
What is the insertion of the internal oblique?
inferior border of the lower 3 or 4 ribs (9 or 10-12) and their costal cartilages, xiphoid process, linea alba, and pubic bone
what is the action of the internal oblique?
lateral flexion and rotation of the trunk
How is the conjoint tendon formed?
the lowest tendinous fibers of the internal oblique join fibers of the transversus abdominis to form it
what is the origin of the transversus abdominis?
lower 6 cartilages, thoracolumbar fascia, and the lateral part of the inguinal ligament
what is the insertion of the transversus abdominis?
xiphoid process, linea alba, and pubic bone
What is the action of the Transversus abdominis?
maintains and increases intra-abdominal pressure
what is the origin of the rectus abdominis?
pubic symphysis and pubic crest
what is the insertion of the rectus abdominis?
5th, 6th, and 7th costal cartilages
What is the action of the rectus abdominis?
flexes the trunk and stabilizes the pelvis
What is the linea semilunaris?
it is a curved ridge that marks the lateral border of the rectus abdominis when it contracts
what is enclosed in the rectus sheath?
rectus abdominis pyrimidalis terminal parts of intercostal nerves T7-T11 Subcostal nerve superior and inferior epigastric vessels
What makes up the anterior wall of the rectus sheath?
upper 3/4- anterior layer of internal oblique anoneurosis + aponeurosis of the external oblique
lower 1/4- three aponeuroses
What makes up the posterior wall of the rectus sheath?
upper 3/4- aponeurosis of the transversus abdominis + posterior layer of the internal oblique aponeurosis
lower 1/4- nothing except fascia transversalis
What is the arcuate line?
it marks the lower end of the posterior aponeurotic wall of the sheath
what is the superior epigastric artery?
it is the terminal branch of the internal thoracic artery
supplies upper central part of the abdominal wall
what is the inferior epigastric artery?
supplies lower central part of the abdominal wall
anastomoses w/ the superior epigastric artery
where does the deep circumflex iliac artery arise from and what does it supply?
it comes from the distal portion of the external iliac artery and supplies the lower lateral anterior abdominal wall
what do the lower 2 posterior intercostal arteries, subcostal arteries, and lumbar arteries supply?
the upper lateral part of the abdominal wall
what does the SUPERFICIAL epigastric and superficial circumflex iliac arteries supply?
superficial structures of the lower part of the wall
what do the branches of the musculophrenic artery supply?
upper part of the abdominal wall
where do the superficial veins drain into?
superiorly into the axillary vein and inferiorly into the femoral vein
what does the thoracoepigastric vein connect?
the superifical epigastric vein and the lateral thoracic vein (its a tributary off the axillary vein)
where does the SUPERIOR epigastric vein drain into?
the internal thoracic vein
where do the inferior epigastric vein and the deep circumflex iliac veins drain into?
the external iliac vein (branch off of the common iliac vein)
where do the posterior intercostal and subcostal veins drain?
azygos and hemiazygos veins
where do the lumbar veins drain?
inferior vena cava
where do superficial lymph vessels above the level of the umbilicus drain?
upward into the axillary lymph nodes
where do superficial lymph vessels below the level of the umbilicus drain?
downward into superficial inguinal lymph nodes
where do deep lymph vessels drain?
they follow arteries and drain into internal thoracic, external iliac, posterior mediastinal, and lumbar lymph nodes
what is extraperitoneal fat?
layer of loose connective tissue w/ variable amount of fat
what is parietal peritoneum?
serous membrane that lines the abdominal and pelvic walls
What spinal nerve forms the iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves?
L1
what is the path of the iliohypogastric nerve?
pierces the internal oblique and the external oblique aponeurosis above the superficial inguinal ring to supply the suprabic skin
what is the path of the ilioinguinal nerve?
pierces the internal oblique and runs b/w the external oblique aponeurosis then emerges through the superficial inguinal ring to supply the skin of the superomedial thigh and external genitalia
what supplies the pyramidalis?
the subcostal nerve
