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Anatomy block 2 > Abdominal wall > Flashcards

Abdominal wall Flashcards

0
Q

Where does the dermatome of T10 pass?

A

the umbilicus

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1
Q

where does the dermatome of T7 pass?

A

over the xiphoid process

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2
Q

Where does the dermatome of L1 pass?

A

just above the inguinal ligament

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3
Q

Where is the anatomical relation of the umbilicus in the body?

A

T10

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4
Q

What are the planes that mark the 9 regions of the body?

A

2 midclavicular planes
subcostal plane
transtubercular plane

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5
Q

What are the 2 planes that mark the 4 quadrants of the body?

A

transverse transumbilical plane

median plane

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6
Q

What is the cutaneous nerve supply of the skin of the anterior abdominal wall?

A

T7-T12 + L1

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7
Q

Scarpa’s fascia enters the wall of the scrotum or the labia majora and attaches to the pubis arch. What is it then called?

A

Colles Fascia

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8
Q

what is the origin of the external oblique muscles?

A

outer surface of the lower 8 ribs

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9
Q

What is the insertion of the external oblique?

A

iliac crest, pubic bone, linea alba, and xiphoid process

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10
Q

What is the action of the external oblique?

A

lateral flexion and rotation of the trunk

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11
Q

what forms the inguinal ligament and where does this ligament extend?

A

lower border of the external oblique aponeurosis

It extends from the ASIS to the pubic tubercle

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12
Q

what is the lacunar ligament?

A

crescent shaped extension at the medial end of the inguinal ligament

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13
Q

What is the superficial ring and why is it significant?

A

it is an opening in the external oblique aponeurosis right above the pubic tubercle and it forms the anterior and superficial opening of the inguinal canal

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14
Q

what is the origin of the internal oblique?

A

thoracolumbar fascia , iliac crest, lateral part of the inguinal ligament

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15
Q

What is the insertion of the internal oblique?

A

inferior border of the lower 3 or 4 ribs (9 or 10-12) and their costal cartilages, xiphoid process, linea alba, and pubic bone

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16
Q

what is the action of the internal oblique?

A

lateral flexion and rotation of the trunk

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17
Q

How is the conjoint tendon formed?

A

the lowest tendinous fibers of the internal oblique join fibers of the transversus abdominis to form it

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18
Q

what is the origin of the transversus abdominis?

A

lower 6 cartilages, thoracolumbar fascia, and the lateral part of the inguinal ligament

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19
Q

what is the insertion of the transversus abdominis?

A

xiphoid process, linea alba, and pubic bone

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20
Q

What is the action of the Transversus abdominis?

A

maintains and increases intra-abdominal pressure

21
Q

what is the origin of the rectus abdominis?

A

pubic symphysis and pubic crest

22
Q

what is the insertion of the rectus abdominis?

A

5th, 6th, and 7th costal cartilages

23
Q

What is the action of the rectus abdominis?

A

flexes the trunk and stabilizes the pelvis

24
Q

What is the linea semilunaris?

A

it is a curved ridge that marks the lateral border of the rectus abdominis when it contracts

25
Q

what is enclosed in the rectus sheath?

A 
rectus abdominis
pyrimidalis
terminal parts of intercostal nerves T7-T11
Subcostal nerve 
superior and inferior epigastric vessels
26
Q

What makes up the anterior wall of the rectus sheath?

A

upper 3/4- anterior layer of internal oblique anoneurosis + aponeurosis of the external oblique
lower 1/4- three aponeuroses

27
Q

What makes up the posterior wall of the rectus sheath?

A

upper 3/4- aponeurosis of the transversus abdominis + posterior layer of the internal oblique aponeurosis
lower 1/4- nothing except fascia transversalis

28
Q

What is the arcuate line?

A

it marks the lower end of the posterior aponeurotic wall of the sheath

29
Q

what is the superior epigastric artery?

A

it is the terminal branch of the internal thoracic artery

supplies upper central part of the abdominal wall

30
Q

what is the inferior epigastric artery?

A

supplies lower central part of the abdominal wall

anastomoses w/ the superior epigastric artery

31
Q

where does the deep circumflex iliac artery arise from and what does it supply?

A

it comes from the distal portion of the external iliac artery and supplies the lower lateral anterior abdominal wall

32
Q

what do the lower 2 posterior intercostal arteries, subcostal arteries, and lumbar arteries supply?

A

the upper lateral part of the abdominal wall

33
Q

what does the SUPERFICIAL epigastric and superficial circumflex iliac arteries supply?

A

superficial structures of the lower part of the wall

34
Q

what do the branches of the musculophrenic artery supply?

A

upper part of the abdominal wall

35
Q

where do the superficial veins drain into?

A

superiorly into the axillary vein and inferiorly into the femoral vein

36
Q

what does the thoracoepigastric vein connect?

A

the superifical epigastric vein and the lateral thoracic vein (its a tributary off the axillary vein)

37
Q

where does the SUPERIOR epigastric vein drain into?

A

the internal thoracic vein

38
Q

where do the inferior epigastric vein and the deep circumflex iliac veins drain into?

A

the external iliac vein (branch off of the common iliac vein)

39
Q

where do the posterior intercostal and subcostal veins drain?

A

azygos and hemiazygos veins

40
Q

where do the lumbar veins drain?

A

inferior vena cava

41
Q

where do superficial lymph vessels above the level of the umbilicus drain?

A

upward into the axillary lymph nodes

42
Q

where do superficial lymph vessels below the level of the umbilicus drain?

A

downward into superficial inguinal lymph nodes

43
Q

where do deep lymph vessels drain?

A

they follow arteries and drain into internal thoracic, external iliac, posterior mediastinal, and lumbar lymph nodes

44
Q

what is extraperitoneal fat?

A

layer of loose connective tissue w/ variable amount of fat

45
Q

what is parietal peritoneum?

A

serous membrane that lines the abdominal and pelvic walls

46
Q

What spinal nerve forms the iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves?

A

L1

47
Q

what is the path of the iliohypogastric nerve?

A

pierces the internal oblique and the external oblique aponeurosis above the superficial inguinal ring to supply the suprabic skin

48
Q

what is the path of the ilioinguinal nerve?

A

pierces the internal oblique and runs b/w the external oblique aponeurosis then emerges through the superficial inguinal ring to supply the skin of the superomedial thigh and external genitalia

49
Q

what supplies the pyramidalis?

A

the subcostal nerve

Anatomy block 2 (11 decks)

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