Abdominal wall

Question 0

Where does the dermatome of T10 pass?

Answer 0

the umbilicus

Question 1

where does the dermatome of T7 pass?

Answer 1

over the xiphoid process

Question 2

Where does the dermatome of L1 pass?

Answer 2

just above the inguinal ligament

Question 3

Where is the anatomical relation of the umbilicus in the body?

Answer 3

T10

Question 4

What are the planes that mark the 9 regions of the body?

Answer 4

2 midclavicular planes
subcostal plane
transtubercular plane

Question 5

What are the 2 planes that mark the 4 quadrants of the body?

Answer 5

transverse transumbilical plane

median plane

Question 6

What is the cutaneous nerve supply of the skin of the anterior abdominal wall?

Answer 6

T7-T12 + L1

Question 7

Scarpa’s fascia enters the wall of the scrotum or the labia majora and attaches to the pubis arch. What is it then called?

Answer 7

Colles Fascia

Question 8

what is the origin of the external oblique muscles?

Answer 8

outer surface of the lower 8 ribs

Question 9

What is the insertion of the external oblique?

Answer 9

iliac crest, pubic bone, linea alba, and xiphoid process

Question 10

What is the action of the external oblique?

Answer 10

lateral flexion and rotation of the trunk

Question 11

what forms the inguinal ligament and where does this ligament extend?

Answer 11

lower border of the external oblique aponeurosis

It extends from the ASIS to the pubic tubercle

Question 12

what is the lacunar ligament?

Answer 12

crescent shaped extension at the medial end of the inguinal ligament

Question 13

What is the superficial ring and why is it significant?

Answer 13

it is an opening in the external oblique aponeurosis right above the pubic tubercle and it forms the anterior and superficial opening of the inguinal canal

Question 14

what is the origin of the internal oblique?

Answer 14

thoracolumbar fascia , iliac crest, lateral part of the inguinal ligament

Question 15

What is the insertion of the internal oblique?

Answer 15

inferior border of the lower 3 or 4 ribs (9 or 10-12) and their costal cartilages, xiphoid process, linea alba, and pubic bone

Question 16

what is the action of the internal oblique?

Answer 16

lateral flexion and rotation of the trunk

Question 17

How is the conjoint tendon formed?

Answer 17

the lowest tendinous fibers of the internal oblique join fibers of the transversus abdominis to form it

Question 18

what is the origin of the transversus abdominis?

Answer 18

lower 6 cartilages, thoracolumbar fascia, and the lateral part of the inguinal ligament

Question 19

what is the insertion of the transversus abdominis?

Answer 19

xiphoid process, linea alba, and pubic bone

Question 20

What is the action of the Transversus abdominis?

Answer 20

maintains and increases intra-abdominal pressure

Question 21

what is the origin of the rectus abdominis?

Answer 21

pubic symphysis and pubic crest

Question 22

what is the insertion of the rectus abdominis?

Answer 22

5th, 6th, and 7th costal cartilages

Question 23

What is the action of the rectus abdominis?

Answer 23

flexes the trunk and stabilizes the pelvis

Question 24

What is the linea semilunaris?

Answer 24

it is a curved ridge that marks the lateral border of the rectus abdominis when it contracts

Question 25

what is enclosed in the rectus sheath?

Answer 25

``` rectus abdominis pyrimidalis terminal parts of intercostal nerves T7-T11 Subcostal nerve superior and inferior epigastric vessels ```

Question 26

What makes up the anterior wall of the rectus sheath?

Answer 26

upper 3/4- anterior layer of internal oblique anoneurosis + aponeurosis of the external oblique lower 1/4- three aponeuroses

Question 27

What makes up the posterior wall of the rectus sheath?

Answer 27

upper 3/4- aponeurosis of the transversus abdominis + posterior layer of the internal oblique aponeurosis lower 1/4- nothing except fascia transversalis

Question 28

What is the arcuate line?

Answer 28

it marks the lower end of the posterior aponeurotic wall of the sheath

Question 29

what is the superior epigastric artery?

Answer 29

it is the terminal branch of the internal thoracic artery | supplies upper central part of the abdominal wall

Question 30

what is the inferior epigastric artery?

Answer 30

supplies lower central part of the abdominal wall | anastomoses w/ the superior epigastric artery

Question 31

where does the deep circumflex iliac artery arise from and what does it supply?

Answer 31

it comes from the distal portion of the external iliac artery and supplies the lower lateral anterior abdominal wall

Question 32

what do the lower 2 posterior intercostal arteries, subcostal arteries, and lumbar arteries supply?

Answer 32

the upper lateral part of the abdominal wall

Question 33

what does the SUPERFICIAL epigastric and superficial circumflex iliac arteries supply?

Answer 33

superficial structures of the lower part of the wall

Question 34

what do the branches of the musculophrenic artery supply?

Answer 34

upper part of the abdominal wall

Question 35

where do the superficial veins drain into?

Answer 35

superiorly into the axillary vein and inferiorly into the femoral vein

Question 36

what does the thoracoepigastric vein connect?

Answer 36

the superifical epigastric vein and the lateral thoracic vein (its a tributary off the axillary vein)

Question 37

where does the SUPERIOR epigastric vein drain into?

Answer 37

the internal thoracic vein

Question 38

where do the inferior epigastric vein and the deep circumflex iliac veins drain into?

Answer 38

the external iliac vein (branch off of the common iliac vein)

Question 39

where do the posterior intercostal and subcostal veins drain?

Answer 39

azygos and hemiazygos veins

Question 40

where do the lumbar veins drain?

Answer 40

inferior vena cava

Question 41

where do superficial lymph vessels above the level of the umbilicus drain?

Answer 41

upward into the axillary lymph nodes

Question 42

where do superficial lymph vessels below the level of the umbilicus drain?

Answer 42

downward into superficial inguinal lymph nodes

Question 43

where do deep lymph vessels drain?

Answer 43

they follow arteries and drain into internal thoracic, external iliac, posterior mediastinal, and lumbar lymph nodes

Question 44

what is extraperitoneal fat?

Answer 44

layer of loose connective tissue w/ variable amount of fat

Question 45

what is parietal peritoneum?

Answer 45

serous membrane that lines the abdominal and pelvic walls

Question 46

What spinal nerve forms the iliohypogastric and ilioinguinal nerves?

Answer 46

L1

Question 47

what is the path of the iliohypogastric nerve?

Answer 47

pierces the internal oblique and the external oblique aponeurosis above the superficial inguinal ring to supply the suprabic skin

Question 48

what is the path of the ilioinguinal nerve?

Answer 48

pierces the internal oblique and runs b/w the external oblique aponeurosis then emerges through the superficial inguinal ring to supply the skin of the superomedial thigh and external genitalia

Question 49

what supplies the pyramidalis?

Answer 49

the subcostal nerve