Intestines/ Pancreas/ Mesenterics/ Portal Vein

Question 0

What type of organ is the 1st part of duodenum and then 2-4th?

Answer 0

1st- intraperitoneal

2nd-4th= retroperitoneal

Question 1

where is most food digestion and absorption?

Answer 1

small intestine

Question 2

what vertebral level is the 1st part of duodenum?

Answer 2

L1

Question 3

What is anterior, posterior, superior, and inferior to the 1st part of the duodenum?

Answer 3

Anterior: liver + gallbladder
Posterior: IVC
Superior: epiploic foramen
Inferior: pancreas

Question 4

What is anterior, posterior, and medial to the 2nd part of the duodenum?

Answer 4

anterior: liver + gallbladder+ root of transverse mesocolon
posterior: hilum of right kidney
medial: pancreas

Question 5

What is anterior, posterior, and superior to the 3rd part of the duodenum?

Answer 5

Anterior:root of mensentery of small intestine

posterior: right psoas major muscle
superior: pancreas

Question 6

What is medial and posterior to the 4th part of the duodenum?

Answer 6

posterior: left psoas major muscle
medial: beginning of the root of mesentery of small intestine

Question 7

what is the vertebral level of the 2nd part of the duodenum?

Answer 7

L1-L3

Question 8

What is the vertebral level of the 3rd part of the duodenum?

Answer 8

L3

Question 9

What is the lining of the duodenum?

Answer 9

smooth in the cap, circular folds in the rest of it

Question 10

What is the major duodenal papilla?

Answer 10

elevation in the 2nd part of the duodenum that has an opening in it (for the hepatopancreatic ampulla which is where the bile duct and main pancreatic duct drain into duodenum)

Question 11

what is the minor duodenal papilla?

Answer 11

opening of the accessory pancreatic duct into the duodenum above the major duodenal papilla

Question 12

What type of organs are the jejunum and ileum?

Answer 12

intraperiotoneal

Question 13

what are key characteristics of the jejunum?

Answer 13

upper part of the infracolic compartment
larger diameter and thick walls
larger and numerous circular folds (inside)
form 1-2 arcades w/ long straight arteries
NO peyer’s patches

Question 14

what are key characteristics of the ileum?

Answer 14

in the lower part of the infracolic compartment
small diameter and thin walls
smooth mucous membrane
3 or more arcades w/ short straight arteries
PEYER’S PATCHES

Question 15

what is the main function of the large intestine?

Answer 15

absorption of water and electrolytes + storage of undigested material until they are eliminated from the body

Question 16

what type of tissue is found in the appendix?

Answer 16

lymphoid

Question 17

sensory fibers of the appendix terminate where (ie pain can be referred here?)

Answer 17

spinal cord T10 (umbilicus)

Question 18

what can help you determine the approximate point of the appendix?

Answer 18

McBurney’s point; it should be 1/3 up the line passing from ASIS to umbilicus
maximal tenderness

Question 19

what is the difference b/w exocrine and endocrine function?

Answer 19

EXOcrine= produces products to be excreted into the environment
ENDOcrine= produces products that are used internally (put in the bloodstream)

Question 20

is the pancreas exocrine or endocrine?

Answer 20

both
exo- enzymes involved in digestion
endo- produces hormones

Question 21

what part of the pancreas is intraperitoneal?

Answer 21

tail

Question 22

what are the anatomic relations of the pancreas?

Answer 22

Anterior: lesser sac, stomach

posterior: IVC, abdominal aorta, splenic vein, left kidney
superior: splenic artery

Question 23

what drains from the major papilla into the duodenum?

Answer 23

common bile duct + main pancreatic duct

Question 24

what drains from the minor papilla into the duodenum?

Answer 24

accessory pancreatic duct (drains the head of the pancreas)

Question 25

what does the inferior pancreaticoduodenal supply?

Answer 25

lower part of the head of the pancreas and distal half of the duodenum

Question 26

what does the ileocolic artery supply?

Answer 26

terminal ileum, cecum, appendix, beginning of ascending colon

Question 27

what does the right colic artery supply?

Answer 27

ascending colon | beginning of transverse colon

Question 28

what does the middle colic artery supply?

Answer 28

proximal 2/3 of transverse colon

Question 29

what does the left colic artery supply?

Answer 29

distal 1/3 of transverse colon | descending colon

Question 30

what do the sigmoid arteries supply?

Answer 30

sigmoid colon

Question 31

what does the superior rectal artery supply?

Answer 31

rectum | upper half of anal canal

Question 32

what is a good source of circulation to the colon when the chief arterial supply is blocked?

Answer 32

marginal artery

Question 33

where does the portal vein drain blood from?

Answer 33

lower 1/3 of the esophagus all the way to the upper half of the anal canal spleen pancreas

Question 34

the portal vein is the union of what two veins?

Answer 34

splenic vein | superior mesenteric vein

Question 35

where do the right and left gastric veins drain blood from?

Answer 35

lesser curvature of the stomach

Question 36

where are the paraumbilical veins found and what do they do?

Answer 36

in the round ligament of the liver and connect veins of the anterior abdominal wall to the portal vein

Question 37

what would lower esophagus blockage of blood flow causing portal hypertension cause clinically?

Answer 37

esophageal varices | left gastric vein or esophageal veins would become enlarged

Question 38

if the blood flow to the walls of the rectum or anal canal was blocked causing portal hypertension, what would that cause clinically?

Answer 38

internal hemorrhoids | superior rectal vein anastomose w/ the middle and inferior rectal vein

Question 39

what would blockage of the anterior abdominal wall that causes portal hypertension cause clinically?

Answer 39

``` Caput Medusae (spiderweb around umbilicus) enlargement of the paraumbilical veins and superficial veins of the anterior abdominal wall ```

Question 40

what are the 3 types of prevertebral ganglia present in the sympathetic system of the alimentary canal?

Answer 40

celiac ganglion superior mesenteric ganglion inferior mesenteric ganglion

Question 41

where do the visceral sensory fibers of the alimentary canal terminate?

Answer 41

in the same spinal cord segment as the preganglionic sympathetic fibers they arise from

Question 42

where do the parasympathetic preganglionic fibers for the distal 1/3 of the transverse colon and upper part of anal canal originate?

Answer 42

spinal cord segments S2-S4 then leave through splanchnics

Question 43

where do the parasympathetic preganglionic fibers for the stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, large intestine, and small intestine originate?

Answer 43

vagus nerve then join celiac and superior mesenteric plexuses