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Anatomy block 2 > Intestines/ Pancreas/ Mesenterics/ Portal Vein > Flashcards

Intestines/ Pancreas/ Mesenterics/ Portal Vein Flashcards

0
Q

What type of organ is the 1st part of duodenum and then 2-4th?

A

1st- intraperitoneal

2nd-4th= retroperitoneal

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1
Q

where is most food digestion and absorption?

A

small intestine

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2
Q

what vertebral level is the 1st part of duodenum?

A

L1

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3
Q

What is anterior, posterior, superior, and inferior to the 1st part of the duodenum?

A

Anterior: liver + gallbladder
Posterior: IVC
Superior: epiploic foramen
Inferior: pancreas

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4
Q

What is anterior, posterior, and medial to the 2nd part of the duodenum?

A

anterior: liver + gallbladder+ root of transverse mesocolon
posterior: hilum of right kidney
medial: pancreas

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5
Q

What is anterior, posterior, and superior to the 3rd part of the duodenum?

A

Anterior:root of mensentery of small intestine

posterior: right psoas major muscle
superior: pancreas

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6
Q

What is medial and posterior to the 4th part of the duodenum?

A

posterior: left psoas major muscle
medial: beginning of the root of mesentery of small intestine

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7
Q

what is the vertebral level of the 2nd part of the duodenum?

A

L1-L3

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8
Q

What is the vertebral level of the 3rd part of the duodenum?

A

L3

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9
Q

What is the lining of the duodenum?

A

smooth in the cap, circular folds in the rest of it

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10
Q

What is the major duodenal papilla?

A

elevation in the 2nd part of the duodenum that has an opening in it (for the hepatopancreatic ampulla which is where the bile duct and main pancreatic duct drain into duodenum)

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11
Q

what is the minor duodenal papilla?

A

opening of the accessory pancreatic duct into the duodenum above the major duodenal papilla

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12
Q

What type of organs are the jejunum and ileum?

A

intraperiotoneal

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13
Q

what are key characteristics of the jejunum?

A

upper part of the infracolic compartment
larger diameter and thick walls
larger and numerous circular folds (inside)
form 1-2 arcades w/ long straight arteries
NO peyer’s patches

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14
Q

what are key characteristics of the ileum?

A

in the lower part of the infracolic compartment
small diameter and thin walls
smooth mucous membrane
3 or more arcades w/ short straight arteries
PEYER’S PATCHES

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15
Q

what is the main function of the large intestine?

A

absorption of water and electrolytes + storage of undigested material until they are eliminated from the body

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16
Q

what type of tissue is found in the appendix?

A

lymphoid

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17
Q

sensory fibers of the appendix terminate where (ie pain can be referred here?)

A

spinal cord T10 (umbilicus)

18
Q

what can help you determine the approximate point of the appendix?

A

McBurney’s point; it should be 1/3 up the line passing from ASIS to umbilicus
maximal tenderness

19
Q

what is the difference b/w exocrine and endocrine function?

A 
EXOcrine= produces products to be excreted into the environment
ENDOcrine= produces products that are used internally (put in the bloodstream)
20
Q

is the pancreas exocrine or endocrine?

A

both
exo- enzymes involved in digestion
endo- produces hormones

21
Q

what part of the pancreas is intraperitoneal?

A

tail

22
Q

what are the anatomic relations of the pancreas?

A

Anterior: lesser sac, stomach

posterior: IVC, abdominal aorta, splenic vein, left kidney
superior: splenic artery

23
Q

what drains from the major papilla into the duodenum?

A

common bile duct + main pancreatic duct

24
Q

what drains from the minor papilla into the duodenum?

A

accessory pancreatic duct (drains the head of the pancreas)

25
Q

what does the inferior pancreaticoduodenal supply?

A

lower part of the head of the pancreas and distal half of the duodenum

26
Q

what does the ileocolic artery supply?

A

terminal ileum, cecum, appendix, beginning of ascending colon

27
Q

what does the right colic artery supply?

A

ascending colon

beginning of transverse colon

28
Q

what does the middle colic artery supply?

A

proximal 2/3 of transverse colon

29
Q

what does the left colic artery supply?

A

distal 1/3 of transverse colon

descending colon

30
Q

what do the sigmoid arteries supply?

A

sigmoid colon

31
Q

what does the superior rectal artery supply?

A

rectum

upper half of anal canal

32
Q

what is a good source of circulation to the colon when the chief arterial supply is blocked?

A

marginal artery

33
Q

where does the portal vein drain blood from?

A

lower 1/3 of the esophagus all the way to the upper half of the anal canal
spleen
pancreas

34
Q

the portal vein is the union of what two veins?

A

splenic vein

superior mesenteric vein

35
Q

where do the right and left gastric veins drain blood from?

A

lesser curvature of the stomach

36
Q

where are the paraumbilical veins found and what do they do?

A

in the round ligament of the liver and connect veins of the anterior abdominal wall to the portal vein

37
Q

what would lower esophagus blockage of blood flow causing portal hypertension cause clinically?

A

esophageal varices

left gastric vein or esophageal veins would become enlarged

38
Q

if the blood flow to the walls of the rectum or anal canal was blocked causing portal hypertension, what would that cause clinically?

A

internal hemorrhoids

superior rectal vein anastomose w/ the middle and inferior rectal vein

39
Q

what would blockage of the anterior abdominal wall that causes portal hypertension cause clinically?

A 
Caput Medusae (spiderweb around umbilicus)
enlargement of the paraumbilical veins and superficial veins of the anterior abdominal wall
40
Q

what are the 3 types of prevertebral ganglia present in the sympathetic system of the alimentary canal?

A

celiac ganglion
superior mesenteric ganglion
inferior mesenteric ganglion

41
Q

where do the visceral sensory fibers of the alimentary canal terminate?

A

in the same spinal cord segment as the preganglionic sympathetic fibers they arise from

42
Q

where do the parasympathetic preganglionic fibers for the distal 1/3 of the transverse colon and upper part of anal canal originate?

A

spinal cord segments S2-S4 then leave through splanchnics

43
Q

where do the parasympathetic preganglionic fibers for the stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, large intestine, and small intestine originate?

A

vagus nerve then join celiac and superior mesenteric plexuses

Anatomy block 2 (11 decks)

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