Intestines/ Pancreas/ Mesenterics/ Portal Vein Flashcards
What type of organ is the 1st part of duodenum and then 2-4th?
1st- intraperitoneal
2nd-4th= retroperitoneal
where is most food digestion and absorption?
small intestine
what vertebral level is the 1st part of duodenum?
L1
What is anterior, posterior, superior, and inferior to the 1st part of the duodenum?
Anterior: liver + gallbladder
Posterior: IVC
Superior: epiploic foramen
Inferior: pancreas
What is anterior, posterior, and medial to the 2nd part of the duodenum?
anterior: liver + gallbladder+ root of transverse mesocolon
posterior: hilum of right kidney
medial: pancreas
What is anterior, posterior, and superior to the 3rd part of the duodenum?
Anterior:root of mensentery of small intestine
posterior: right psoas major muscle
superior: pancreas
What is medial and posterior to the 4th part of the duodenum?
posterior: left psoas major muscle
medial: beginning of the root of mesentery of small intestine
what is the vertebral level of the 2nd part of the duodenum?
L1-L3
What is the vertebral level of the 3rd part of the duodenum?
L3
What is the lining of the duodenum?
smooth in the cap, circular folds in the rest of it
What is the major duodenal papilla?
elevation in the 2nd part of the duodenum that has an opening in it (for the hepatopancreatic ampulla which is where the bile duct and main pancreatic duct drain into duodenum)
what is the minor duodenal papilla?
opening of the accessory pancreatic duct into the duodenum above the major duodenal papilla
What type of organs are the jejunum and ileum?
intraperiotoneal
what are key characteristics of the jejunum?
upper part of the infracolic compartment
larger diameter and thick walls
larger and numerous circular folds (inside)
form 1-2 arcades w/ long straight arteries
NO peyer’s patches
what are key characteristics of the ileum?
in the lower part of the infracolic compartment
small diameter and thin walls
smooth mucous membrane
3 or more arcades w/ short straight arteries
PEYER’S PATCHES
what is the main function of the large intestine?
absorption of water and electrolytes + storage of undigested material until they are eliminated from the body
what type of tissue is found in the appendix?
lymphoid
sensory fibers of the appendix terminate where (ie pain can be referred here?)
spinal cord T10 (umbilicus)
what can help you determine the approximate point of the appendix?
McBurney’s point; it should be 1/3 up the line passing from ASIS to umbilicus
maximal tenderness
what is the difference b/w exocrine and endocrine function?
EXOcrine= produces products to be excreted into the environment ENDOcrine= produces products that are used internally (put in the bloodstream)
is the pancreas exocrine or endocrine?
both
exo- enzymes involved in digestion
endo- produces hormones
what part of the pancreas is intraperitoneal?
tail
what are the anatomic relations of the pancreas?
Anterior: lesser sac, stomach
posterior: IVC, abdominal aorta, splenic vein, left kidney
superior: splenic artery
what drains from the major papilla into the duodenum?
common bile duct + main pancreatic duct
what drains from the minor papilla into the duodenum?
accessory pancreatic duct (drains the head of the pancreas)
what does the inferior pancreaticoduodenal supply?
lower part of the head of the pancreas and distal half of the duodenum
what does the ileocolic artery supply?
terminal ileum, cecum, appendix, beginning of ascending colon
what does the right colic artery supply?
ascending colon
beginning of transverse colon
what does the middle colic artery supply?
proximal 2/3 of transverse colon
what does the left colic artery supply?
distal 1/3 of transverse colon
descending colon
what do the sigmoid arteries supply?
sigmoid colon
what does the superior rectal artery supply?
rectum
upper half of anal canal
what is a good source of circulation to the colon when the chief arterial supply is blocked?
marginal artery
where does the portal vein drain blood from?
lower 1/3 of the esophagus all the way to the upper half of the anal canal
spleen
pancreas
the portal vein is the union of what two veins?
splenic vein
superior mesenteric vein
where do the right and left gastric veins drain blood from?
lesser curvature of the stomach
where are the paraumbilical veins found and what do they do?
in the round ligament of the liver and connect veins of the anterior abdominal wall to the portal vein
what would lower esophagus blockage of blood flow causing portal hypertension cause clinically?
esophageal varices
left gastric vein or esophageal veins would become enlarged
if the blood flow to the walls of the rectum or anal canal was blocked causing portal hypertension, what would that cause clinically?
internal hemorrhoids
superior rectal vein anastomose w/ the middle and inferior rectal vein
what would blockage of the anterior abdominal wall that causes portal hypertension cause clinically?
Caput Medusae (spiderweb around umbilicus) enlargement of the paraumbilical veins and superficial veins of the anterior abdominal wall
what are the 3 types of prevertebral ganglia present in the sympathetic system of the alimentary canal?
celiac ganglion
superior mesenteric ganglion
inferior mesenteric ganglion
where do the visceral sensory fibers of the alimentary canal terminate?
in the same spinal cord segment as the preganglionic sympathetic fibers they arise from
where do the parasympathetic preganglionic fibers for the distal 1/3 of the transverse colon and upper part of anal canal originate?
spinal cord segments S2-S4 then leave through splanchnics
where do the parasympathetic preganglionic fibers for the stomach, spleen, liver, gallbladder, large intestine, and small intestine originate?
vagus nerve then join celiac and superior mesenteric plexuses
