Peritoneum Flashcards
what orifice of the stomach communicates w/ the esophagus?
cardial orifice
where does the esophagus pierce the diaphragm?
T10
what orifice of the stomach communicates w/ the duodenum?
Pyloric orifice
where does the small intestine begin and end?
begins at the pyloric orifice and ends at the ileocecal junction
what are the 3 parts of the small intestine?
duodenum, jejunum, and ileum
where does the duodenum begin and end?
begins at pyloric orifice and ends at duodenojejunal flexure
what are the 4 parts of the duodenum in order?
superior
descending
horizontal
ascending
where does the jejunum and ileum begin and end?
jejunum begins at duodenojejunal junction and ileum end at ileocecal junction
jejunum is in the upper part
ileum is in the lower part
what are the parts of the large intestine?
cecum + vermiform appendix ascending colon transverse colon descending colon sigmoid colon rectum anal canal
where does the ascending colon start and stop?
goes superiorly from the ileocecal junction to the inferior surface of the liver where it becomes continuous w/ transverse colon
where in the body does the sigmoid colon terminate?
in the pelvis at the level of S3
what path does the rectum take?
Begins at S3 and descends in front of the sacrum and coccyx
leaves the pelvic cavity by piercing the pelvic floor
what are the 4 parts of the pancreas?
head
neck
body
tail
what path do the ureters take?
descend on the psoas major muscle, enter pelvic cavity, and open into urinary bladder
what are the 2 parts of the adrenal glands?
cortex (outer)
medulla (inner) - formed from neural crest cells
what is visceral peritoneum?
peritoneum that covers abdominal and pelvic organs
what is parietal peritoneum?
Peritoneum that lines walls of abdominal and pelvic cavities
what is the peritoneal cavity?
potential space b/w the visceral and parietal layers of peritoneum
closed in males and communites w/ outside through reproductive system in females
what are examples of intraperitoneal organs?
stomach jejunum ileum transverse colon spleen
what are examples of retroperitoneal organs?
most of duodenum and pancreas ascending colon descending colon kidneys suprarenal glands abdominal aorta IVC
what does the falciform ligament connect?
the liver to the anterior abdominal wall + diaphragm
what does the coronary ligament connect?
the liver to the diaphragm
what does the splenorenal ligament connect?
the spleen to the left kidney
what does the gastrosplenic ligament connect?
spleen to stomach
what does the lesser omentum connect?
connects the lesser curvature of the stomach + 1st part of duodenum to visceral surface of liver
what are the two parts of the lesser omentum?
hepatogastric ligament (thin) hepatoduodenal ligament (contains vessels)
what does the greater omentum connect?
hangs down like an apron from the greater curvature of the stomach in front of the coils of jejunum and ileum
what are the secondary retroperitoneal organs?
duodenum
pancreas
ascending colon
descending colon
what is the median umbilical fold?
covers median umbilical ligament which extends from the apex of the bladder to the umbilicus
remnant of allantois
what is the medial umbilical fold?
covers medial umbilical ligaments which are fibrous cord that ascend from the pelvis to the umbilicus
remnants of umbilical arteries
what is the lateral umbilical fold?
covers inferior epigastric vessels
what is the supravesical fossa?
formed as peritoneum passes from the anterior abdominal wall onto the urinary bladder
b/w medial and medial umbilical folds
what is the medial inguinal fossa?
b/w medial and lateral umbilical folds
site of Hesselbach’s triangle
potential for direct inguinal hernia
what is the lateral inguinal fossa?
site of deep inguinal ring
potential for indirect hernia
what is the only opening in the lesser sac?
omental foramen/ foramen of Winslow
what are the main structures of the hepatoduodenal ligament?
portal vein, hepatic artery proper, and bile duct
what are paracolic gutters?
grooves b/w lateral aspects of ascending and descending colon that allow free communication b/w supracolic and infracolic spaces
what innervates the central diaphragm?
phrenic nerves
what innervates the peripheral part of the diaphragm?
lower 5 intercostal and subcostal nerves
what innervates the remainder of the diaphragm (other than periphery and central)?
lower 5 intercostals
subcostal nerves
iliohypogastric n.
ilioinguinal n.
what innervates the visceral peritoneum?
visceral sensory fibers that travel w/ sympathetic and parasympathetic n.s
what does pain in the visceral peritoneum feel like?
usually dull and poorly localized
what does pain in the parietal peritoneum feel like?
severe and well localized
