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slp1514: applied audiology > (post-midterm) lec 10 > Flashcards

(post-midterm) lec 10 Flashcards

1
Q

diff bw acoustics vs psychoacoustics?

A
  • acoustics: study of physics of sound
  • psychoacoustics: study of experience of sound
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2
Q

what is auditory threshold (Θ)

A

lowest hearing level that a person can just barely detect the presence of a sound.

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3
Q

between which frequencies does all human speech, regardless of language, occur?

A

250-8000Hz

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4
Q

what is the psychoacoustic correlate of frequency?

A

pitch

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5
Q

what is the psychoacoustic correlate of intensity?

A

loudness

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6
Q

what is dB SPL? (2)

A
  • decibel expressed relative to 0.0002 dyne/cm2
  • each 20dB on scale = 10x pressure variation increase
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7
Q

what is dB HL?

A
  • decibel expressed relative to average human hearing performance
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8
Q

according to the audiometric zero graph (slide 14), 7dB SPL at 1000Hz, 45dB SPL at 125Hz, and 11.5dB SPL at 500Hz, all equal ___ dB HL.

A

0!

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9
Q

what is the math when going from dB SPL to dB HL? what about dB HL to dB SPL?

A
  • dB SPL to dB HL: subtract conversion from chart.
  • dB HL to dB SPL: add conversion from chart.
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10
Q

what is the dB HL vs dB SPL of conversation?

A
  • dB HL: 40-45
  • dB SPL: 60-65
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11
Q

what is dB SL?

A

reference is the auditory threshold of a specific individual (Θ)

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12
Q

what is the SL formula?

A

SL = presentation level - Θ

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13
Q

a 45 dB HL tone presented to joe = 40 dB SL. what is joe’s auditory threshold for this sound?

A
  • Θ = presentation level - SL
  • 45 - 40 = 5 dB HL
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14
Q

T or F: tuning forks can be used to hear by air or bone conduction

A

true

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15
Q

which is easier to hear, bone or air conduction? why?

A

air, because that’s how the ear is designed

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16
Q

what is the occlusion effect? (2)

A
  • when an ear is “plugged” it is easier to hear by bone conduction than air conduction.
  • tuning fork positioned in the middle of the forehead will lateralize to the plugged ear.
17
Q

for pure tone hearing testing, why is equipment calibrated so that 0 dB HL AC = 0 dB HL BC?

A
  • since we naturally hear better by AC, hearing better by BC on the test would indicate a conductive or mixed hearing loss
18
Q

what is the aim of pure tone testing? (3)

A
  • to determine threshold (50% response level) across frequencies important for understanding speech.
  • compare responses to norms for “typically hearing” people.
  • 0 dB HL for AC and BC is “average”.
19
Q

which frequencies are for AC vs BC?

A
  • AC: 250-8000Hz
  • BC: 500-6000Hz
20
Q

what does an audiogram plot? in what dB?

A
  • auditory thresholds for a range of frequencies important for speech
  • dB HL
21
Q

what are the audiogram symbols for R vs L, AC vs BC?

A
  • AC: right = red O, left = blue X
  • BC: right = red <, left = blue > (but not universal)
22
Q

on a “typically hearing” audiogram, air and bone scores the same, and equal or better than ___ dB HL for adults, ___ dB for children.

A
  • 25
  • 15
23
Q

bone oscillator placement should avoid 2 things. what are they?

A
  • pinna
  • hair
24
Q

what is the order of testing frequencies for air conduction?

A
  • 1000, 2000, 4000, 8000, 1000, 500, 250
  • switch to other ear (do not need to retest 1000Hz)
25
Q

when do we test the interoctave frequencies? (3)

A
  • if > or = to 20dB difference between two test octaves
  • when there is history of noise exposure test 3000 and 6000Hz
  • whenever we want
26
Q

which frequency tends to be most resilient? least?

A
  • most: 1000Hz
  • least: 4000Hz
27
Q

PURE TONE: what is the “down 10, up 5” technique? (3)

A
  1. start at level you think client will hear (if no response, raise level in 10-20dB steps until response is obtained).
  2. each time there is a response, lower by 10 dB and present again.
  3. each time there is no response, increase by 5 dB and present again.
28
Q

in terms of the audiogram, how is threshold defined? what do you do with it?

A
  • threshold = lowest intensity level at which you obtain 3 positive responses where 2 responses must be ascending responses (see slide 69).
  • you mark the threshold on the audiogram at each frequency.
29
Q

T or F: you test both ears for AC and BC.

A

false – you only need to test one side for BC.

30
Q

why is 250Hz not usually tested for BC?

A

because it is easy to feel and may yield inaccurate results.

31
Q

what are limitations of the “down 10, up 5” technique? (2)

A
  • audiometric threshold is sometimes the level where the client responds 100% of the time
  • test/retest reliability is =/-5dB, therefore a 10dB difference might not be significant

slp1514: applied audiology (13 decks)

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