Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

slp1514: applied audiology > lec 18 > Flashcards

lec 18 Flashcards

1
Q

what are the key diffs bw hearing aids and cochlear implants in regards to…
a) the kind of info/stimulation they provide
b) what structures they stimulate
c) low frequency performance
d) what kind of hearing loss they work best for

A

a) acoustic info vs electrical stimulation
b) hair cells vs 8th cranial nerve
c) good low frequency performance vs poor
d) mild to severe vs severe to profound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

briefly explain how cochlear implants work (6)

A
  1. sounds picked up by mic (external)
  2. speech processor digitizes sound into signals + sends to coil
  3. transmitting coil sends signals as radiowaves to implant under skin
  4. internal processor (mastoid bone) delivers electrical energy to electrodes (cochlea)
  5. electrodes stimulate auditory nerve fibers
  6. electrical sound ifo is sent to brain
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

where specifically are the electrodes implanted?

A

scala tympani

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

where are ground electrodes implanted?

A

outside of bony labyrinth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is one contraindication for cochlear implants?

A

resolving any ear infections prior to implantation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what are 3 factors that would make someone an unsuitable candidate for a cochlear implant?

A
  1. absent or malformed cochlea
  2. absent or abnormal auditory nerve
  3. internal auditory canal narrowing
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is cochlear implant mapping?

A
  • process of setting each electrode to stimulate a particular frequency region
  • map is stored in speech processor
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what are T levels and C levels?

A
  • T levels: threshold (softest electrical stimulation) to produce auditory sensation 100% of the time
  • C levels: loudest level possible that is sustainable
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

typical hearing processes a ___dB HL range. cochlear implants have a dynamic range of ___dB in electrical current. what is an implication of this?

A
  • 120
  • 6-15
  • implication: CI users much more sensitive to intensity changes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the 6 main factors to be considered a candidate for CI at HSC Toronto?

A
  1. 0-18 years (children’s hospital)
  2. bilateral severe-profound sensorineural hearing loss
  3. access to school/therapy program w strong auditory emphasis
  4. willing and realistic family
  5. child consent if applicable
  6. anatomical considerations
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is bi-modal aiding? what are its benefits?

A
  • CI on one side. HA on the other
  • benefits: sound localization, speech understanding in quiet and noise, listening effort and quality of sound
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are hybrid cochlear implant systems?

A
  • designed for people with severe to profound hearing loss in high frequencies ONLY
  • electrodes amplify natural low-Hz hearing + provide access to high-Hz via electrical stimulation
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is an auditory brainstem implant?

A
  • bypasses cochlea and auditory nerve
  • implants electrodes onto cochlear nucleus
  • each electrode activates variety of neuron types
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

can auditory brainstem implants be considered an effective alternative for children with cochlear malformation and/or auditory nerve deficiency and for those who cannot benefit from cochlear implant surgery?

A
  • systematic review show that post ABS implants, communication skill development was low
  • visual communication was essential
  • speech intelligibility was challenging
  • sum: they’re an option but not super effective as per research
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is a middle ear implant?

A
  • directly stimulates ossicles
  • external component + implanted receiver
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

whats the diff bw unilateral hearing loss vs single-sided deafness?

A
  • unilateral hearing loss: typical hearing in one ear + any degree of hearing loss in other
  • single-sided deafness: deaf ear is unable to benefit from hearing aid
17
Q

T or F: people with unilateral hearing loss usually turn out fine

A

false – many effects like no sound localization or binaural summation, difficulty with high cognitive load, low self-esteem… (see slide 84)

18
Q

what is a CROS hearing aid?

A
  • Contralateral Routing of Signal
  • sound from the ”deaf” side is picked up by a microphone and transferred to the hearing ear via radio signal
19
Q

what is the BAHA exception?

A

if you implant a BAHA on the deaf side in single-sided deafness, it functions as an implanted CROS aid. sound from the deaf side is picked up on the deaf side, but heard by bone conduction in the typically hearing ear.

20
Q

what is BiCROS?

A
  • “Bi” stands for bilateral
  • used when the better ear also has hearing loss
  • unaidable ear has the pick-up mic just like in a CROS aid, however, the receiver side is a hearing aid and amplifies
21
Q

why might a hearing aid be whistling? (4)

A
  1. wax in ear or aid
  2. aid too small/not in properly
  3. vent too large
  4. tubing cracked
22
Q

what causes whistling/feedback?

A

amplified sound getting routed back into mic

23
Q

how can SLPs do a HA listening check? when should SLPs do this?

A
  • use a listening tube
  • do before therapy or when concerned
24
Q

what is the definition of assistive listening devices/adaptive technology?

A

anything that is used to increase, maintain, or improve functional capabilities

25
Q

what is a one-one communicator?

A

personal system where a mic picks up sound, amplifies it, and delivers it to a headset

26
Q

what is an inductive loop? (3)

A
  • permanently installed wire which connects to a mic and is used by a speaker
  • when speak into mic, creates electromagnetic field
  • hearing aid telecoil (T setting) picks up electromagnetic signal
27
Q

what is an FM system? (2)

A
  • frequency modulated
  • receiver transmits sound to HA thru direct audio input, loop, or headset
28
Q

what is infrared? where is this used?

A
  • sound transmitted using infrared light waves
  • used in home TV or large theatres
29
Q

what is Panasonic Auracast? (3)

A
  • enables devices to stream to unlimited numbers of audio devices
  • range of >330 ft.(100 m)
  • ability to listen to announcements in public spaces without background noise
30
Q

what are challenges for wide implementation of Auracast?

A
  • coordination
  • user acceptance
  • equipment updates as necessary
31
Q

what are some examples of visual text systems? (5)

A
  • texting
  • computerized speech recognition
  • closed-captioning, open captioning, rear-window captioning
  • note taking
  • email, fax
32
Q

how accurate are speech-to-text apps?

A
  • none are 100%
  • range from 82-84% accuracy, also depends on background noise and speaker clarity

slp1514: applied audiology (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions