Post industrial

Question 1

What years were post industrial Britain?

Answer 1

1850-1900

Question 2

Why were opportunities for sport bad in pre-industrial Britain? 1800-1850

Answer 2

Poor health (bad working/living conditions so no energy)
Poverty - couldn’t afford to play/have time off work
No time - 72 hour week as just gone from seasonal time to machine time. Had sunday off but attended church
Urban revolution - no space to play

Question 3

How do you remember why opportunities in sport increased?

PANTTS

Answer 3

PANTTS
Provisions
Acts of parliament
National governing bodies
Time
Transport
Social class

Question 4

What provisions were there that increased opportunities to do sport?

Answer 4

Public baths/parks (hygiene/relax)
Purpose built facilities (space to play)
Professionals (broken time payments)

Question 5

What acts of parliament increased opportunities to do sport?

Answer 5

Factory acts - minimum wage/max working hours
Education acts - Min age to leave school (state schools)
Increased literacy because of ^
Wash house act

Question 6

What did national governing bodies do to increase opportunities to do sport?

Answer 6

Codification of sport
introduction of rules and regulations
| Newspapers and match reports

Question 7

What happened to time after 1850 to increase opportunities to do sport?

Answer 7

Half day saturday
57 hour week 
Shorter working day
Weeks paid holiday
More time to relax/do sport

Question 8

What happened to transport after 1850 to increase opportunities to do sport?

Answer 8

Railways were built so could play more teams and leagues/cups could be made
Annual trip to the seaside to relax

Question 9

What happened social class in 1850 to increase opportunities to do sport?

Answer 9

3 tier system - now middle class
Factory football teams, spectatorism, space to play, sports stars and status for women

Question 10

What are the 3 classes after 1850?

Answer 10

Upper, middle and working (not peasants)

Question 11

What were the middle class made of?

Answer 11

Positions of authority - professionals, industrialists and managers
Were not wealthy by birth but had the money and time to participate in sport

Question 12

What schools did the middle class attend?

Answer 12

Public schools

Question 13

How did the middle class influence sport?

Answer 13

They were responsible for NGB’s and codified sports. They also influenced society to become more respectable with an emphasis on good manners

Question 14

Who were amateurs?

Answer 14

Upper and middle classes

Question 15

Why were amateurs only upper and middle classes?

Answer 15

They did not have to be paid and took part for the love of the game
This idea developed in public schools and many of these gentlemen formed the first NGBs that codified sport

Question 16

Who were professionals?

Answer 16

Working class

Question 17

Why were professionals only working class?

Answer 17

They could not afford time off work so if they were good enough got broken time payments to play.
Got paid so wanted to win, had to train, to win leagues/cups had to get best players

Question 18

What is the key point about gender?

Answer 18

Still male dominated

Question 19

Why was sport still male dominated?

Answer 19

Expected to marry, have children and rely on their husbands financially.
Schooling for girls was limited
Weren’t allowed to enter many professions, could be teachers but that was a low paid and low status job

Question 20

What class of women had the least opportunity?

Answer 20

Working class - limited by their status in society

Question 21

Why did gender discrimination begin to change?

Answer 21

Women proved they could do what men could when men went to war.
Madame Osterberg made a college for women which led to equal rights movements

Question 22

What happened to law and order to make sport more respectable?

Answer 22

Middle and upper class made laws which started a civilising process where working class blood sports were banned.
Sport more respectable

Question 23

What was the working class perception of education?

Answer 23

Wasn’t important - wanted their kids to earn money, schooling prevented this
Even after 1850 employment of children continued.

Question 24

What 2 acts after 1850 increased the amount of children in education?

Answer 24

1870 education ‘forster act’ national system of state education. Elementary schools were established to supplement church, private and guild schools.
1891 education act - free education for everyone

Question 25

What happened to the availability of time after 1850?

Answer 25

Increased as factory owners realised that they needed a healthy and loyal workforce so formed factory teams.
Factory acts decreased time working

Question 26

Why was it still difficult for some people to play sport?

Answer 26

Still a lack of disposable income

Still poverty and deprivation

Question 27

How did transport increase participation in sport?

Answer 27

Trains allowed people to travel further and quicker so could play teams further away leading to leagues and cups.
Increased spectatorism as can get to more matches.
Gone from local to regional to national
Second class travel so more afforfable

Question 28

Complete this about football in post-industrial

Answer 28

Question 29

Complete this about cricket in post-industrial

Answer 29

Question 30

Complete this about tennis in post-industrial

Answer 30