Positive Inotropes

Question 1

for subcategories of positive inotropes

c_______ g______
c_________
b_______ d_______
m_______ d_______

Answer 1

cardiac glycosides
catecholamines
bipyridine derivatives
mixed dilator

Question 2

what are glycosides derived from

Answer 2

dried leaves of digitalis (foxglove plant)

Question 3

what subclass of positive inotropes inhibits ATPase

Answer 3

Cardiac Glycosides

Question 4

what do cardiac glycosides make more of available to myocardial cells

Answer 4

calcium

Question 5

what does increase calcium do to contractions

Answer 5

increases the strength of contractions

Question 6

what do cardiac glycosides do to AV conduction time

Answer 6

prolongs it

Question 7

cardiac glycosides increase what kind of stimulation

Answer 7

parasympathetic stimulation

Question 8

four effects of cardiac glycosides:

i________ c________
d_______ h______ r_______
a_______ e_______
d________ d_______

Answer 8

improved contractility
decreased heart rate
antiarrhythmic effects
decreased dyspnea

Question 9

three indications for cardiac glycosides:

c_____ h_____ f______
a_______ f_______
s_________ t________

Answer 9

congestive heart failure
atrial fibrillation
supraventricular tachycardia

Question 10

Answer 10

atrial fibrillation

Question 11

Answer 11

supraventricular tachycardia

Question 12

four adverse effects of cardiac glycosides:

a_______
v________
d_________
a_________

Answer 12

anorexia
vomiting
diarrhea
arrhythmias

Question 13

which positive inotrope are a group of sympathomimetic compounds

Answer 13

catecholamines

Question 14

what two positive effects do catecholamines have

Answer 14

inotropic
chronotropic

Question 15

how do catecholamines increase BP

Answer 15

peripheral vasoconstriction

Question 16

what positive inotrope can increase blood glucose levels

Answer 16

catecholamines

Question 17

catecholamines increase cardiac contractility by stimulating what two receptors

Answer 17

beta 1
dopamine

Question 18

two indications for catecholamines:

c______ a_______
a________

Answer 18

cardiac arrest
anaphylaxis

Question 19

what are catecholamines not used for

Answer 19

chronic heart failure

Question 20

adverse effects of catecholamines:

h_______
a________
a_______
e________

Answer 20

hypertension
arrhythmias
anxiety
excitability

Question 21

what class of positive inotropes are given IM admin and are only suitable for short term management for CHF

Answer 21

Bipyridine derivatives

Question 22

which bipyridine derivative is given short term by IV

Answer 22

amrinone

Question 23

which bipyridine derivative is given orally short term

Answer 23

milrinone

Question 24

four mechanisms for action for mixed dilator inotropes
p________ i________
increases c_______ s________ of c_______ m_________
decreases a________ of p_________
m_______ v________ (a_______ and v______)

Answer 24

positive inotrope
increases calcium sensitivity of cardiac myofilaments
decreases activity of phosphodiesterase
mixed vasodilator (arteries and veins)

Question 25

three indications for mixed dilator inotropes:

a____ i______
d______ c________ in d______
c_______ h_______ f_______

Answer 25

AV insufficiency
dilated cardiomyopathy in dogs
congestive heart failure

Question 26

when is using mixed dilator inotropes contraindicated

Answer 26

any condition where increasing cardiac output is anatomically a bad idea

Question 27

three adverse effects of mixed dilator inotropes

a________
l________
d_______

Answer 27

anorexia
lethargy
diarrhea