Cardiac Review

Question 1

what percentage of all dogs presented to clinics have heart disease

Answer 1

11%

Question 2

two types of heart disease

Answer 2

congenital
acquired (most common)

Question 3

contraction period of pumping

Answer 3

systole

Question 4

relaxation period of pumping

Answer 4

diastole

Question 5

high pressure during _______, pushes blood to ________

Answer 5

systole
body

Question 6

low pressure during _______, fills heart _______

Answer 6

diastole
chambers

Question 7

which phase of pressure action is the depolarization

Answer 7

systole

Question 8

which phase of pressure action is the repolarization

Answer 8

diastole

Question 9

built in pacemaker of the heart

Answer 9

SA node

Question 10

what does the electrical impulse travel down after it leaves the SA node

Answer 10

syncytium

Question 11

location of the group of cells that cause arrhythmia

Answer 11

ectopic foci

Question 12

two ways arrhythmia occur

Answer 12

spontaneous depolarization of cardiac muscle
abnormalities of the conduction system

Question 13

what do chronotropes effect

Answer 13

heart rate/speed

Question 14

what do inotropes effect

Answer 14

heart contractions/stroke volume

Question 15

sympathetic nervous system produces what kind of input

Answer 15

positive - chronotrope and inotrope

Question 16

which nervous system uses beta receptors

Answer 16

sympathetic

Question 17

parasympathetic nervous system produces what kind of input

Answer 17

negative

Question 18

which nervous system uses cholinergic receptors

Answer 18

parasympathetic

Question 19

the amount of blood that fills the ventricle during diastole (preload) and the atrial resistance that the ventricle must pump against (afterload)

Answer 19

stroke volume

Question 20

The volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole

Answer 20

preload

Question 21

The resistance (artery pressure) must overcome to empty blood from the ventricles

Answer 21

afterload

Question 22

Compensatory mechanisms of the CV system:

increase the h______ r______
increase the s______ v_______
increase e________
c________ r_________

Answer 22

increase the heart rate
increase the stroke volume
increase efficiency
cardiac remodeling

Question 23

change in the size, shape, structure and physiology of the heart due to damage to the myocardium

Answer 23

cardiac remodeling

Question 24

what does cardiac remodeling usually precede

Answer 24

heart failure

Question 25

four types of cardiac disease the respond to pharmacologic therapy:

v________ disease
a_________
m_________ disease
o________

Answer 25

valvular disease
arrhythmias
myocardial disease
other

Question 26

two kinds of arrhythmias

Answer 26

tachyarrhythmias
bradyarrhythmias

Question 27

four kinds of “other” cardiac disease that responds to pharmacologic therapy:

c________ d________
c_______ i________
v________ d________
h________ d_________

Answer 27

congenital defects
cardiac innervation
vascular disease
heartworm disease

Question 28

5 cardio vascular disease treatment objectives

c________ a_________
i________ c________ o_______
r________ f________ a_________
i_________ o_______ of the b_______
a________ t_________

Answer 28

control arrhythmias
increase cardiac output
relieve fluid accumulation
increase oxygenation of the blood
ancillary treatment

Question 29

three ways to increase cardiac output:

p________ i________ e________
d________ the a________
d________ the p_________

Answer 29

positive inotropic effects
decrease the afterload (arteriolar dilator)
decrease the preload (venodilar)

Question 30

two ways to relieve fluid accumulation:

d________
d_______ s______ r________

Answer 30

diuretics
dietary salt restriction

Question 31

three cardiac drug objectives:

c_________ c________ c_______ d_______
e_______ the u____ for c_______ c______ d______
d_______ p_______ a______ e_______ of c______ c______ d______

Answer 31

Categorize common cardiac drugs
Explain the uses for common cardiac drugs
Discuss potential adverse effects of common cardiac drugs

Question 32

two ways to categorize common cardiac drugs

c_____ h______ t______ w______
l______ n______, i______ and l______ t______

Answer 32

classify how they work
learn names, identify and list them

Question 33

four cardiac drug categories:

p_______ i________
a_________
v_________
d_________

Answer 33

positive inotropes
antiarrhythmics
vasodilators
diuretics