Cardiac Review Flashcards
what percentage of all dogs presented to clinics have heart disease
11%
two types of heart disease
congenital
acquired (most common)
contraction period of pumping
systole
relaxation period of pumping
diastole
high pressure during _______, pushes blood to ________
systole
body
low pressure during _______, fills heart _______
diastole
chambers
which phase of pressure action is the depolarization
systole
which phase of pressure action is the repolarization
diastole
built in pacemaker of the heart
SA node
what does the electrical impulse travel down after it leaves the SA node
syncytium
location of the group of cells that cause arrhythmia
ectopic foci
two ways arrhythmia occur
spontaneous depolarization of cardiac muscle
abnormalities of the conduction system
what do chronotropes effect
heart rate/speed
what do inotropes effect
heart contractions/stroke volume
sympathetic nervous system produces what kind of input
positive - chronotrope and inotrope
which nervous system uses beta receptors
sympathetic
parasympathetic nervous system produces what kind of input
negative
which nervous system uses cholinergic receptors
parasympathetic
the amount of blood that fills the ventricle during diastole (preload) and the atrial resistance that the ventricle must pump against (afterload)
stroke volume
The volume of blood in the ventricles at the end of diastole
preload
The resistance (artery pressure) must overcome to empty blood from the ventricles
afterload
Compensatory mechanisms of the CV system:
increase the h______ r______
increase the s______ v_______
increase e________
c________ r_________
increase the heart rate
increase the stroke volume
increase efficiency
cardiac remodeling
change in the size, shape, structure and physiology of the heart due to damage to the myocardium
cardiac remodeling
what does cardiac remodeling usually precede
heart failure
four types of cardiac disease the respond to pharmacologic therapy:
v________ disease
a_________
m_________ disease
o________
valvular disease
arrhythmias
myocardial disease
other
two kinds of arrhythmias
tachyarrhythmias
bradyarrhythmias
four kinds of “other” cardiac disease that responds to pharmacologic therapy:
c________ d________
c_______ i________
v________ d________
h________ d_________
congenital defects
cardiac innervation
vascular disease
heartworm disease
5 cardio vascular disease treatment objectives
c________ a_________
i________ c________ o_______
r________ f________ a_________
i_________ o_______ of the b_______
a________ t_________
control arrhythmias
increase cardiac output
relieve fluid accumulation
increase oxygenation of the blood
ancillary treatment
three ways to increase cardiac output:
p________ i________ e________
d________ the a________
d________ the p_________
positive inotropic effects
decrease the afterload (arteriolar dilator)
decrease the preload (venodilar)
two ways to relieve fluid accumulation:
d________
d_______ s______ r________
diuretics
dietary salt restriction
three cardiac drug objectives:
c_________ c________ c_______ d_______
e_______ the u____ for c_______ c______ d______
d_______ p_______ a______ e_______ of c______ c______ d______
Categorize common cardiac drugs
Explain the uses for common cardiac drugs
Discuss potential adverse effects of common cardiac drugs
two ways to categorize common cardiac drugs
c_____ h______ t______ w______
l______ n______, i______ and l______ t______
classify how they work
learn names, identify and list them
four cardiac drug categories:
p_______ i________
a_________
v_________
d_________
positive inotropes
antiarrhythmics
vasodilators
diuretics
