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mammo > positioning > Flashcards

positioning Flashcards

1
Q

may be needed to include normal anatomy; may be obtained at the time of screening without radiologist approval

A

supplemental views

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2
Q

the most common supplemental view

A

XCCL

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3
Q

detailed imaging evaluation of specified areas; radiologist directed; locate/triangulate specific lesion

A

diagnostic view

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4
Q

most common diagnostic view

A

90 lateral; ML/LM

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5
Q

orthogonal view used in triangulation; demonstrates benign milk of calcium; resolves superimposition of glandular tissue; detector corner in posterior 3rd aspect of axilla

A

mediolateral ML

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6
Q

a view that demonstrates lateral lesions

A

ML mediolateral

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7
Q

orthogonal view used to triangulate lesion location; demonstrates benign milk of calcium; resolves superimposition of glandular structures; detector corner at sternal notch

A

lateromedial LM

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8
Q

a view that demonstrates medial lesions

A

lateromedial LM

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9
Q

why don’t we do cc ml for screening?

A

lateral imaging will not get as much superior/posterior tissue as the mlo

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10
Q

views done in 2D when a mass or asymmetry is seen on only one view and the rad needs a way to decipher where the lesion is located

A

triangulation

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11
Q

3 views for triangulation- in order

A

CC MLO ML
or
ML MLO CC

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12
Q

2 rolled views

A

CC or MLO

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13
Q

means only seen in one view

A

asymmetry

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14
Q

means seen on both views

A

focal asymmetry

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15
Q

on CC- lesion is lateral. therefore true lesion location is going to be ____ then appears on MLO

A

lower

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16
Q

on CC lesion is medial; therefore true lesion location is going to be ____ than appears on MLO

A

higher

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17
Q

XCCL

A

exaggerated craniocaudal lateral

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18
Q

CR for an XCCL view

A

0-5 degrees toward lateral side

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19
Q

demonstrates anatomy that may extend to the outer aspect of the breast not visualized by standard CC. ideal for patients with prominent tail of spence and glandular extensions

A

XCCL

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20
Q

ideal for visualizing extreme posterior/medial anatomy

A

XCCM

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21
Q

visualize anatomy and pathology in the deep posterior and medial aspect of both breasts

A

cleavage view

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22
Q

purpose is to demonstrate entire axillary tail and most of lateral breast; demonstrate clips placed deep in axillary region; may be used as supplemental view for greater tissue inclusion for patients with special circumstances

A

axillary tail AT

23
Q

the angle used for an axillary tail should put the muscle _____ to the IR

A

parallel

24
Q

used to separate superimposed breast tissue; to confirm the presence of an abnormality; to determine the location of finding seen on only one standard view; used to figure out if lesion is in superior or inferior tissue

A

rolled medial or lateral

25
Q

rolled CC
if lesion is in the superior portion of the breast, the lesion will roll the ______ direction as the superior half of the breast

A

same

26
Q

rolled CC
if lesion is in the inferior portion of the breast, the lesion will roll the _____ direction as the superior half of the breast

A

opposite

27
Q

used to separate superimposed breast tissue; confirm the presence of a lesion; determine the location of finding seen on only 1 view; used to figure out if lesion is in the medial or lateral tissue

A

rolled inferior or supperior

28
Q

done when tech cannot get the anterior portion completely compressed

A

anterior compression AC

29
Q

purpose- greater reduction in thickness, reduces OID, displaces tissue overlying ROI, improves definition for more detailed evaluation of asymmetry, architectural distortion or density; centering of lesion important for lesion detail

A

spot compression s/sp/spot

30
Q

best if done with a 2 minute delay when looking at calcifications; moderate compression then full compression

A

mag ML

31
Q

best for evaluating characteristics of calcifications; may be used to characterized masses, asymmetries or architectural distortion

A

mag

32
Q

for palpable lesions that are not visualized or obscured by glandular tissue; maneuver places the lump directly over subcutaneous fat which allows visualization; place bb over lump

A

tangential TAN

33
Q

purpose to verify whether mammographic calcifications are located in the skin; use open grid compression paddle to place bb then use spot mag

A

tangential TAN

34
Q

implants:
greater risk of deflating; greater risk of ripples; filled with sterile salt water; inserted empty and filled once placed; radiolucent with a valve

A

saline

35
Q

implants:
autoimmune controversy; greater risk of capsular contracture (15-40%); prefilled; mimics human fat; looks and feels the most natural; difficult to determine if leaking; radiopaque

A

silicone gel

36
Q

scar tissue that distorts the shape of the breast implant

A

capsular contracture

37
Q

3 placements for breast implants

A

subfacial
subglandular- behind glandular tissue
subpectoral- best for mammos

38
Q

most common complication of breast implants; thin layer of scar tissue develops and tightens around the implant

A

capsular contracture

39
Q

envelope rupture of an implant inside the fibrous capsule

A

intracapsular rupture

40
Q

envelope and capsule rupture and implant leaks into surrounding tissue

A

extracapsular rupture

41
Q

another name for implant displacement view

A

eklund view

42
Q

a very rare cancer of the immune system; not a breast cancer; generally a slow moving cancer that often can be treated by removing breast implants and scar tissue

A

breast implant associated anaplastic large cell lymphoma BIA-ALCL

43
Q

pectus excavatum?
challenge?

A

depressed sternum
exclusion of medial tissue

44
Q

pectus carinatum?
challenges?

A

protruding sternum
exclusion of medial and lateral tissue

45
Q

post surgical irradiated breast challenges

A

tenderness; scar tissue; posterior surgical beds, distortion, fat necrosis/calcifications

46
Q

reduction mammoplasty challenges

A

exclusion of medial tissue, nipple position, post surgical changes

47
Q

male mammography challenges

A

missed superior and posterior tissue

48
Q

kyphosis/lordosis challenges

A

head position interfering with CC. limits medial tissues

49
Q

protruding abdomen challenges

A

tissue exclusion may occur posterior and inferior

50
Q

large breasts challenges

A

excluded tissue, uneven compression, drooping, skin folds

51
Q

extremely small breasts challenges

A

tissue slips out from under paddle, superior tissue missed

52
Q

lactating breasts challenge

A

engorged; locular and ductal dilation

53
Q

implanted devices challenge

A

optimal compression across whole breast

mammo (13 decks)

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