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mammo > evaluation of image quality > Flashcards

evaluation of image quality Flashcards

1
Q

2 fixed anatomical borders

A

medial, superior

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2
Q

2 mobile anatomical borders

A

lateral, inferior

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3
Q

positioning requirements for CC view

A

posterior tissue, 30-40% muscle, PNL w/in 1cm of MLO, NIP

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4
Q

positioning requirements for MLO view

A

posterior tissue from axilla to IMF, convex muscle shape down to PNL, out and up lift, NIP

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5
Q

lateral-posterior and superior tissues potentially not well imaged on the ____ view

A

cc

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6
Q

medial-posterior tissue potentially not well imaged on the ____ view

A

mlo

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7
Q

3 top reasons for failure on the CC view

A

PNL not within 1 cm of MLO view- short PNL = poor visualization of the posterior tissue
excessive exaggeration
skin folds or artifacts

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8
Q

failure on the MLO view

A

poor visualization of posterior tissue,
improper demonstration of the pectoralis muscle,
inadequate amount of pectoralis muscle,
drooping tissue,
skin folds,
breast positioned too high on IR,
inadequate IMF,
inadequate anterior breast compression

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9
Q

poor separation of glandular tissue, unequal exposure of tissue, allows for motion

A

inadequate compression

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10
Q

breast looks uniform in thickness, reduces dose, reduces unsharpness

A

optimal compression

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11
Q

motion seen on 2D images- 3 fixes:

A

increase KVP= decrease in exposure time
hold breath
patient sit down

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12
Q

compression min/max suggestions
pounds
newtons
decanewtons

A

15-27 LBS
70-120 N
7-12 DaN

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13
Q

which portion should be checked for tautness

A

anterior

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14
Q

the most common problem in mammography between under/over exposure- according to 1999 ACR manual

A

underexposure

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15
Q

results in decreased radiographic contrast and when its only present in the densest part of the breast it will obscure lesions and micro-calcifications; image looks “washed out”

A

underexposure

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16
Q

in mammo you want ___ contrast and ____ dose; ____ contrast allows us to see subtle differences

A

high
low
high

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17
Q

7 common causes for poor contrast

A

underexposure
image run under wrong label
inadequate compression
failure to use grid
excessive kvp
improper positioning
implant/hardware

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18
Q

inadequate compression =

A

beam hardening

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19
Q

ability of the mammo system to capture fine detail in an images

A

sharpness

20
Q

1 cause of image unsharpness

A

patient motion

21
Q

5 causes of image unsharpness

A

patient motion
inadequate compression
increase to focal spot size
increase OID
decrease to SID

22
Q

decreases the ability of the radiologist to recognize tiny structures like calcifications and low contrast structures

A

noise

23
Q

another name for noise

A

radiographic mottle

24
Q

anything we can see on a mammo image that does not reflect actual breast tissue

A

artifacts

25
Q

3 types of artifacts

A

hardware, software, patient related

26
Q

hardware related artifacts

A

field inhomogeneity
detector associated
grid lines

27
Q

4 detector associated artifacts

A

ghosting
gouging
horizontal lines
collimator misalignment

28
Q

2 software related artifacts

A

breast within a breast
loss of edge

29
Q

3 patient related artifacts

A

patient motion
edge of compression paddle
deodorant/powder

30
Q

8 MQSA labeling requirements

A

patient name
patient MRN
exam date
view name
facility name/location
tech ID
cassette ID
unit ID

31
Q

ACR grades your images on 8 categories

A

positioning
compression
exposure
contrast
sharpness
noise
artifacts
labeling

32
Q

MQSA minimum is __ megapixel monitors for review workstation

A

5

33
Q

priors are retrieved in one of 3 ways

A

manually
prefetch
autofetch

34
Q

what is “computer language”

A

health level seven HL7

35
Q

manages the information related to health care and manages data from all departments

A

HIS hospital information system

36
Q

software that helps manage the rad dept and its specific modalities

A

RIS radiology information system

37
Q

a standard that medical professionals use to share radiology images and data between different system made by different manufacturers

A

digital imaging and communications in medicine DICOM

38
Q

medical imaging technology used in healthcare organizations to securely store, retrieve, and transmit electronic images and reports from multiple modalities; replacement for hard copies

A

picture archiving and communication system PACS

39
Q

offsite server; can be used as a backup to traditional PACS; secure connection to provide access to images and related data; same as traditional PACS, except authorized users can access the images anytime anywhere as long as they have an internet connection; images approx. available for 30 days

A

cloud storage-cloud PACS

40
Q

a digital version of a paper chart that contains pts medical history from one practice. has the ability to share this information across other healthcare organizations

A

electronic medical/health record EMR/EHR

41
Q

allows data to be stored in a smaller package. requires less space and less money to store. allows images to move faster over the network. mammos has special rules about compression. lossy compression. lossless compression.

A

image/data compression

42
Q

greater degree of compression; requires less space; up to 30:1 ratio; some data loss upon retrieval; not allowed for FFDM

A

data compression-lossy compression

43
Q

2:1 ratio; only format for FFDM. not insignificant in terms of saved space; not data loss

A

data compression-lossless compression

44
Q

2 major roles of CAD computer aided detection

A

detection
classification

45
Q

goal is to improve mammo sensitivity by increasing detection in breast density

A

computer aided detection CAD-classification

46
Q

directed toward finding microcalcifications and masses

A

computer aided detection CAD-detection

mammo (13 decks)

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