full field digital mammography

Question 1

5 year relative survival rate-
stage 0
stage 1
stage 2
stage 3
stage 4

Answer 1

0-100%
1-100%
2-93%
3- 72%
4- 22%

Question 2

a parameter adjust the gray scale or what is called contrast

Answer 2

window width

Question 3

a parameter adjust the density of the image or blacks; brightness

Answer 3

window level

Question 4

first converts the xrays into visible light with a scintillator. the visible light is then converted into an electrical signal

Answer 4

indirect capture

Question 5

uses a scintillator made of cesium iodide to convert xrays into light which is then captured by the photodiodes

Answer 5

amorphous silicon

Question 6

when the xrays are not converted into light but directly into an electrical signal

Answer 6

direct capture

Question 7

the scintillator is replaced with the amorphous selenium plate that converts the xray photons directly onto electron hole pairs

Answer 7

amorphous selenium

Question 8

the number of shades of gray that a detector can capture

Answer 8

contrast resolution

Question 9

capable of capturing thousands of shades of gray (far more than the human eye can appreciate). this permits the imaging of areas that would otherwise be under or overexposed on conventional film

Answer 9

high contrast resolution

Question 10

small computer chips which create a digital image

Answer 10

charged coupled device CCD

Question 11

a unit of length equal to one millionth of a meter

Answer 11

micron

Question 12

the basic unit of the composition of an image on a tv screen, computer monitor, or similar display

Answer 12

pixel

Question 13

center of one pixel to the center of another pixel. one way a pixel matrix is measured

Answer 13

pixel pitch

Question 14

a substance that glows when hit by high energy particles or photons

Answer 14

scintillator

Question 15

1000:1- wide in digital allowing a broader range of exposures that will produce an acceptable image.

Answer 15

latitude

Question 16

information single binary digit like 0 or 1

Answer 16

BIT

Question 17

___ bits = 1 byte

Answer 17

8

Question 18

increasing/widening the window width range in pixel values will give ____ contrast and ____ gray toning

Answer 18

less, more

Question 19

decreasing/narrowing the window width range in pixel values will give ____ contrast and ____ black and white

Answer 19

high, more

Question 20

another name for window level

Answer 20

window centering

Question 21

increasing the window level/center results in _______ image

Answer 21

darker/blacker

Question 22

a process where the detector looks at variations in pixel density across the image and then estimates the thickness of the breast at each pixel

Answer 22

thickness equalization/compensation

Question 23

an expression of the efficiency of an imaging system’s transfer from its input to its output of both signal and noise

Answer 23

detective quantum efficiency DQE

Question 24

expressed as a percentage. the measure most representative of image quality in terms of an observer’s ability to detect objects of interest in an image

Answer 24

dos efficiency

Question 25

is now the most important parameter in digital mammography process

Answer 25

detective quantum efficiency DQE

Question 26

detector performance is commonly quantified by 2 metrics

Answer 26

modulation transfer function MTF
detective quantum efficiency DQE

Question 27

a measure of resolution/spatial frequency response

Answer 27

modulation transfer function MTF

Question 28

a measure of dose efficiency

Answer 28

detective quantum efficiency DQE

Question 29

a measure of the transfer of modulation (or contrast) from the subject to the image

Answer 29

modulation transfer function MTF

Question 30

a computer chip that is an analog to digital converter ADC

Answer 30

charged coupled device CCD

Question 31

accepts a continuously varying output signal (analog) and converts it to a discrete set of digital numbers

Answer 31

analog to digital converter ADC

Question 32

_____ serve 2 roles: conduct light from the phosphor to a charge-coupled device array, which converts light into an electronic signal that is digitized; stop much of the radiation that is not absorbed by the phosphor and thereby protect the CCD from the radiation damage that would result from direct exposure to xrays

Answer 32

fiber optics

Question 33

a scintillator layer (cesium iodide) is doped with thallium to capture the xray energy and convert the xray into light; then thin-film diodes convert the light photons into electronic signals that are captured using TFT’s

Answer 33

indirect detectors

Question 34

xrays are absorbed by a photoconductor (amorphous selenium) and generate a signal. photoconductor is made thick in order to stop the majority of incident xrays

Answer 34

direct detectors

Question 35

___% of the xrays are useful in direct detectors, compared to film screen that counts for ___% of efficiency

Answer 35

95,50-70

Question 36

spatial resolution in digital imaging is _____ than f/s and ____ in contrast resolution

Answer 36

lower,higher

Question 37

an area comprised of the number of pixels in the x and y coordinates

Answer 37

matrix

Question 38

the depth (matrix) is measured in what

Answer 38

bits

Question 39

the depth (matrix) is measured in bits and known as the

Answer 39

different shades of gray

Question 40

6 bit image = __ shades of gray

Answer 40

64

Question 41

7 bit image = __ shades of gray

Answer 41

128

Question 42

8 bit image = __ shades of gray

Answer 42

256

Question 43

10 bit image = __ shades of gray

Answer 43

1024

Question 44

3 things the pixel size affects

Answer 44

storage
transmission time
archival quality of the image