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mammo > pathology > Flashcards

pathology Flashcards

1
Q

BIRADS categories

A

0
1
2
3
4
4A
4B
4C
5
6

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2
Q

BIRADS 0

A

incomplete- need additional imaging

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3
Q

BIRADS 1

A

negative

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4
Q

BIRADS 2

A

benign

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5
Q

BIRADS 3

A

probably benign. FU in 6m

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6
Q

BIRADS 4

A

suspicious
4A- low suspicion
4B- moderate
4C- high

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7
Q

BIRADS 5

A

highly suggestive of malignancy

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8
Q

BIRADS 6

A

proven malignancy

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9
Q

a mass found during a mammo will typically be described according to what 3 things

A

shape, density and margin

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10
Q

when the density in a mass is ___, it is suspicious of cancer

A

high

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11
Q

3 mass shapes

A

round
oval
irregular

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12
Q

5 mass margins

A

circumscribed-round
indistinct-not like any other
spiculated-fingers growing off
obscured-partly seen
micro lobulated-bumpy

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13
Q

3 benign mass margins

A

circumscribed-round
obscured-partly seen
micro lobulated- bumpy

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14
Q

3 malignant mass margins

A

micro lobulated- bumpy
indistinct-not like any other
spiculated-fingers growing off

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15
Q

calcifications randomly throughout the breast

A

diffuse

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16
Q

calcifications occupying a large portion of the breast

A

regional

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17
Q

few calcifications occupying a small portion of the breast

A

grouped

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18
Q

calcifications arranged in a line

A

linear

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19
Q

calcification deposits in a duct and their branches

A

segmental

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20
Q

calcifications in scar tissue

A

dystrophic

21
Q

calcifications typically benign (8)

A

round
dystrophic
skin calcifications
vascular calcifications
rimed/halo
milk of calcium
rod like
popcorn

22
Q

calcifications so small and/or hazy that a more specific shape cannot be determined. about 20% biopsied are malignant

A

amorphous or indistinct

23
Q

irregular calcifications that are clearly visible. about 15% biopsied are malignant

A

course heterogeneous

24
Q

calcifications usually more clearly visible than amorphous forms and are seen to have individual, separate and distinct shapes, without fine linear branching. about 25-40% chance of malignantcy

A

fine pleomorphic

25
Q

thin, linear irregular calcifications, may be discontinuous, occasionally branching forms can be seen

A

fine linear/fine linear branching

26
Q

a mass with a sac like pocket that contains fluid, air or other substances often circumscribed and can be seen through

A

cyst

27
Q

smooth, thin walls and are filled with fluid. US waves pass right through them, indicating there are no solid areas. always benign

A

simple cysts

28
Q

contain something besides clear fluid. usually indicates close follow up and sometimes biopsy

A

complex/complicated cysts

29
Q

a milk filled cyst common in pregnant or breast feeding women; occur more after breast feeding has stopped; benign

A

galactocele

30
Q

benign tumors composed of stromal and epithelial elements

A

fibroadenoma

31
Q

a pocket of fat that is encapsulated by a thin fibrous capsule; more common in post menopausal women

A

lipoma

32
Q

results from a benign proliferation of fibrous, glandular, and fatty tissue. surrounded by a thin capsule of connective tissue. though of as a breast within a breast.

A

hamartoma (fibroadenolipoma)

33
Q

when the lactiferous duct widens, the duct walls thicken and the duct fills with fluid; the milk duct may become blocked or clogged with a thick sticky substance. green black discharge

A

ductal ectasia

34
Q

a blood filled swelling caused by trauma to the breast. common after biopsy. not cancerous. can sometimes lead to inflammation, fever, skin discoloration. may leave behind scar tissue that mimics the shape of a breast tumor

A

hematoma

35
Q

mostly occurs because of a complication of mastitis

A

breast abscess and inflammation

36
Q

damaged or dead tissue; can happen following needle biopsy or surgery; feels like a firm round painless lump; usually goes away by itself

A

fat necrosis (oil cyst)

37
Q

small clumps of immune cells that act as filters for the lymphatic system

A

lymph nodes

38
Q

a common disorder of the endocrine system in which there is a noncancerous increase in the size of male breast tissue; can be caused by marijuana

A

gynecomastia

39
Q

an area of hardening of the breast tissue that can occur as the breast ages; can radiologically mimic malignancy due to its speculated configuration

A

radial scar

40
Q

a tumor growing in the ducts inside the nipple with finger like fronds; benign and high risk; felt as a small lump near the nipple; may cause bleeding/discharge; requires surgery to remove

A

papilloma

41
Q

cells that look like cancer cells are growing in the lobules but dont grow through the walls of the lobules; not considered a cancer; increases risk of cancer

A

lobular carcinoma LCIS

42
Q

increased cellular activity in the ducts or lobes and surrounding tissue. cells have an irregular or nonstandard structure; not a form of BCA but a risk factor

A

atypical ductal
or
atypical lobular hyperplasia

43
Q

the presence of abnormal cells inside a milk duct; considered the earliest form of breast cancer; noninvasive, meaning it hasn’t spread out of the milk duct to invade other parts of the breast

A

ductal carcinoma in situ

44
Q

cancer that began growing in the duct and breaks the wall of the duct and grows into the fatty tissue of the breast; the most common form of breast cancer representing 80% of all diagnoses

A

invasive/infiltrating ductal carcinoma

45
Q

breast cancer that begins in the lobules of the breast; the cancer cells have broken out of the lobule and have the potential to spread; typically doesn’t form a lump; instead, there is a change in the breast that feels like a thickening or fullness in one part and is different from the surrounding tissue

A

invasive lobular carcinoma

46
Q

a rare and very aggressive cancer in which the cells block lymph vessels in the skin of the breast; usually starts with reddening and swelling of the breast instead of a lump. a patient may also have warmth, orange peel skin, swelling of lymph nodes, flattening or inversion of the nipple or aching and burning breasts

A

inflammatory carcinoma

47
Q

malignant cells extend from the lactiferous ducts to nipple; patient presents with nipple/areolar thickening; associated with or without a mass; can be in situ or invasive. very rare

A

paget’s disease

48
Q

cancers arising from connective tissue such as fat, nerves, muscles, cartilage, blood vessels or bone; very rare; begins in the connective tissue that supports the ducts and lobules; presents as a large non-spiculated dense mass

A

sarcoma

49
Q

a neoplasm which originates in lymph tissue; it is not actually breast cancer but can be difficult to distinguish from BCA in its early stages; most common symptoms are a painless mass- in right outer quadrant; may have enlarged lymph nodes in neck or armpits

A

lymphoma

mammo (13 decks)

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