modalities and procedures

Question 1

pt is having no issues and its been at least one year since her last screening exam and she is 40 or older

Answer 1

screening

Question 2

pt is complaining of an issue with her breast or her physician feels something

Answer 2

diagnostic

Question 3

4 imaging exams

Answer 3

dbt
us
mri
sentinel node mapping

Question 4

xray tube moves in an arc across the breast while multiple projections are taken. images are perpendicular to beam. images are parallel to detector; projections are reconstructed into slices; slices are dependent on breast thickness

Answer 4

dbt

Question 5

sweep of gantry

Answer 5

arc

Question 6

the angles in degrees from the negative to positive side; these are the images initially taken. this is where the actual radiation dosage to the patient comes from

Answer 6

projections

Question 7

the number of images created from the projections to create the 3D mammogram; dependent on how much the breast is compressed in mm; 1mm thick

Answer 7

slices

Question 8

for CC DBT image set- images are taken from ______ to ______ breast

Answer 8

inferior
superior

Question 9

for MLO DBT image set- images are taken from _____ to _____ breast

Answer 9

lateral
medial

Question 10

MQSA = __ mGy per view
DBT= __ mGy one view

Answer 10

3
1.81

Question 11

uses only 3D slices to create the 2D image; cut patient dose back down to approx half; cuts scan time

Answer 11

synthesized 2D images

Question 12

adjunct screening exam; automatically scans a woman’s breast capturing multiple images; displays them in 3D; ideal for women with dense breasts

Answer 12

whole breast ultrasound/automated whole breast ultrasound WBUS/ABUS

Question 13

both breasts are imaged; can have improved tissue contrast of inconclusive masses on other tests; contrast images taken looking for increased uptake

Answer 13

mri

Question 14

most common malignancy found on breast MRI

Answer 14

gadolinium

Question 15

_____ is expensive compared to mammo and us with false positive results of benign masses; only effective in 50% of patients with DCIS

Answer 15

MRI

Question 16

network of lymph nodes to rid the body of toxins and waste and other unwanted materials; its major role is to continually collect excess interstitial fluid and drain it away from the tissues

Answer 16

lymphatic system

Question 17

tissue swelling from an accumulation of fluid that is unable to drain through the lymph system; commonly found in patients that have many lymph nodes removed during breast cancer treatment

Answer 17

lymphedema

Question 18

used to check for breast cancer cells spreading/metastasizing

Answer 18

sentinel node mapping

Question 19

radioactive isotopes and/or a blue dye is injected at the sit of the lesion 2 hours before surgery; during surgery a gamma detector is used to locate the path of drainage from the tumor to the lymph nodes

Answer 19

sentinel node procedure

Question 20

interventional procedures - 8

Answer 20

informed consent
cyst aspiration
abscess drainage
fine needle aspiration
core biopsy
vacuum assisted biopsy
needle localization/surgical biopsy
specimen radiograph

Question 21

permission ranted in the knowledge of the possible consequences, typically that which is given by a dr to the patient for treatment with full knowledge of the possible risks and benefits. procedure explanation with risks and benefits and alternatives by provider who performs intervention. tech/nurse responsibility

Answer 21

informed consent

Question 22

the smaller the needle gauge number, the ____ the needle core (opening)

Answer 22

bigger

Question 23

where is cytology fluid discarded?

Answer 23

sharps container

Question 24

indications for certain procedure:
cyst lesions that have thick walls and other suspicious features,
symptom relief,
eliminate masses

Answer 24

cyst aspiration

Question 25

indications for certain procedure:
a pt with an infection fluid collection that is not responding to antibiotic treatment; may have to be repeated

Answer 25

abscess drainage

Question 26

indications for certain procedure:
done on irregular lymph nodes with a thickened cortex; yields cytologic evaluation of cells

Answer 26

fine needle aspiration

Question 27

needle gauge for fine needle aspiration FNA

Answer 27

18-25

Question 28

advantages of a certain procedure:
less invasive than core biopsy
local anesthesia may be used
safe, minimal complications
usually on lymph nodes in the breast/axilla
results in 1-2 hours

disadvantages of a certain procedure:
multiple passes may be needed,
possible false negative due to small sample size
cytologic evaluation does not differentiate in situ from invasive cancers
not used for sampling microcalcifications

Answer 28

fine needle aspiration FNA

Question 29

indications for certain procedure:
US guidance only,
solid lesions with other suspicious features,
lesions near chest wall,
pts with bleeding or clotting disorders where vacuum assistance may be contraindicated

Answer 29

US Core Biopsy

Question 30

needle gauge for US core biopsy

Answer 30

14-16 spring loaded

Question 31

advantages of a certain procedure:
less invasive than the open surgical biopsy,
requires small incision, and only a local anesthetic,
sample volume is sufficient for histologic evaluation

disadvantages of a certain procedure:
3-5 passes may be needed,
risk of bleeding, infection or hematoma,
dense lesions are difficult to sample
histologic analysis usually requires a min of 24 hours

Answer 31

core biopsy

Question 32

needle gauge for vacuum assisted core/breast biopsy

Answer 32

7-14

Question 33

indications for a certain procedure:
solid lesions with other suspicious features should be biopsied

Answer 33

vacuum assisted core/breast biopsy VAAB/VABB

Question 34

4 most common types of images guided biopsies

Answer 34

stereotactic, US, MR, tomo

Question 35

an image guided biopsy used for suspicious calcifications

Answer 35

stereotactic guidance vacuum assisted core biopsy

Question 36

advantages of a certain procedure:
less invasive than surgical biopsy,
local anesthetic,
greater accuracy sampling dense masses,
vacuum assisted-1 needle pass,
small lesions may be completely excised,
histologic samples,
less cost

disadvantages of a certain procedure:
greater risk of bleeding, infection, hematoma or other complications,
healthy tissue may be compromised

Answer 36

vacuum assisted core biopsy

Question 37

can be placed after US, MR, Stereotactic or DBT breast biopsies

Answer 37

clip placement

Question 38

to continue surveillance of the area on subsequent images on the patient in years following

Answer 38

clip placement

Question 39

indications for a certain procedure:
placement of a percutaneous needle wire for pre-op guidance in locating biopsy proven breast cancer or high risk lesions or non palpable lesions

Answer 39

wire localization/ needle localization

Question 40

wire free breast localization system; size of a grain of rice; non radioactive

Answer 40

seed placement

Question 41

waste that has the risk of carrying infection diseases (needles, glass, blades)

Answer 41

biohazardous waste

Question 42

human bodily fluids, blood wet/dry, or unfixed tissue

Answer 42

infectious materials

Question 43

an approach to infection control to treat all human blood and certain human body fluids as if they were know to be infectious for HIV, HBV and other bloodborne pathogens

Answer 43

universal precautions

Question 44

written to outline the protective measures to be taken to eliminate or minimize employee exposures

Answer 44

exposure control plan