Portugal

Question 1

When was the vine first planted in Portugal and where?

Answer 1

2000BCE.
the Tagus and Sado Valleys by the Tartessians (Tejo / Península de Setúbal VR)

Question 2

When was the the Treaty of Windsor?

Answer 2

1386

Question 3

When was the Methuen Treaty?

Answer 3

1703

Question 4

When did the Phylloxera hit Portugal?

Answer 4

1867

Question 5

What are the 2 most successful brands launched in 1940s?

Answer 5

Mateus Rose in 1942
Lancer Rose in 1944

Question 6

What was the event in the mid-1970 to return to democracy?

Answer 6

The Carnation Revolution

Question 7

When did Portugal join the EU?

Answer 7

1986

Question 8

Where would you find the fertile Alluvial soils?

Answer 8

Tejo

Question 9

What are the top 5 varieties planted in Portugal?

Answer 9

Aragonez, Tinta Roriz (Dao/Douro) - Tempranillo
Touriga Franca
Touriga Nacional
Fernao Pires / Maria Gomes
Castelao

Question 10

What are the categories of geographical indications?

Answer 10

• DOC/ DOP
• VR
• Vinho

Question 11

What is the climate of Vinho Verde?

Answer 11

a moderate maritime climate with high rain fall

Question 12

What is the soils of Vinho Verde?

Answer 12

granitic bedrock with a shallow topsoil of decomposed granite with a sandy texture

Question 13

What are warmer and drier subregions of Vinho Verde?

Answer 13

Baião
Monção e Melgaço
- Avesso does well here

Question 14

What are the common diseases in Vinho Verde?

Answer 14

fungal diseases including rot and mildew

Question 15

What are the common modern trellising systems?

Answer 15

• single or double Guyot
• VSP
• lyre
  all are trained relatively high from the ground to increase air circulation and reduce the chance of rot

Question 16

What are the most planted grapes in Vinho Verde?

Answer 16

• Loureiro (mid-ripening)
• Alvarinho (traditionally grown in the north - Monção e Melgaço)
• Pederna (Arinto) (mid-ripening)
• Avesso (late-ripening) (needs warmer drier conditions - Baião)
• Trajadura (Treixadura in Spain)

Red
- Vinhao (Sousão in Douro, Souson in Galicia)

Question 17

Moncao e Melgaco

Answer 17

single variety Alvarinho
only sub appelation to have Alvarinho labelled
min 11.5%
min 30% Alvarinho - otherwise Minho VR

Question 18

How much Alvarinho is required for Moncao e Melgaco sub-region?

Answer 18

30%

Question 19

Is irrigation allowed in Douro?

Answer 19

Yes, since 2019

Question 20

What is the benefit of fermenting wine in lagares?

Answer 20

Can be easier to monitor the level of extraction in an open lagar than a closed tank

Question 21

What are the fermentation temperature for red Douro wines?

Answer 21

relatively low (24-28C / 75-82F), to allow greater control over tannin extraction

Question 22

What are the main grapes of Douro DOP?

Answer 22

Red: Touriga Franca, Touriga Nacional, Sousao
White: Viosinho, Ragigato, Gouveio (Godello), Moscatel Galego Branco (Muscat Blanc a Petits Grains)

Tinta Roriz (Tempranillo) Tinta Barrocca, Tinta Cao (D5)

Question 23

What is the climate of Dao?

Answer 23

surrounded by mountains - protect from Atlantic (west), arid conditions (east).

Mediterranean, warm dry summers, mild winters

rainfall relatively high (1600mm west, 1100 east, autumn/winter)

Question 24

What are the soils of Dao?

Answer 24

Granite with sandy or loamy texture (low organics, free draining (water stress))

Question 25

Main grapes of Dao?

Answer 25

80% Red

Touriga Nacional
Tina Roriz
Jaen (Mencia)
Alfrocheiro

White
Encruzado

Question 26

What are the main grapes of Bairrada?

Answer 26

Red (2/3) ; Baga (famously used for Mateus Rose - focus on quality now)

White: Maria Gomes (Fernao Pires), Bical, Arinto, Cercial

Internationals allowed: SB, Chard.

Question 27

What is the best soils for Baga?

Answer 27

limestone-clay

Question 28

Does Baga ripen early or later?

Answer 28

late-ripening

Question 29

What is the climate of Alentejo?

Answer 29

Mediterranean, with hot dry summers and mild winters

drip irrigation widely used. gets drier further south 800 -> 500mm

Question 30

What are the soils of Alentejo?

Answer 30

a wide range; granite, schist and limestone with textures that range from sand to clay

Question 31

What are the main grapes of Alentejo?

Answer 31

75%
Red: Aragonez, Alicante Bouschet, Trincadeira, Touriga Nacional, Syrah, CS (declining), Petit Verdot (increasing)

White: Roupeiro, Arinto, Antao Vaz, Chard, Viognier
other local internationals too, Alvarinho increasing!

Question 32

What are the main grapes of Alenquer and the styles?

Answer 32

Touriga Nacional and Aragonez
Full bodied reds. Many other varieties grown. Still finding path.

Question 33

What is the main grape of Bucelas DOC and the styles?

Answer 33

Arinto (75% of blend)
Range of styles.

Question 34

What is the climate and soils of Colares?

Answer 34

the cool, foggy, coastal climate, and ungrafted old bush vines on the deep, phylloxera-free sandy soils

Lisbon suburbs - cool trendy, lesser known local grapes

Question 35

What are the rivers run through Penninsula de Setubal?

Answer 35

the Tejo and Sado rivers

Question 36

What are the DOP of Peninsuala de Setubal?

Answer 36

• Palmela DOP
• Setubal DOP

Question 37

What are the main red and white varieties of Palmela?

Answer 37

Red: min 67.7% Castelao
White: Fernao Pires, Arinto, Moscatel

Question 38

What is the name of the river in Tejo?

Answer 38

the Tejo River (River Tagus)

Question 39

What is the climate of Tejo??

Answer 39

a Medeterranean climate with hot, dry summers and mild, wet winters

variance over region:
north - more rainfall
river - mainly white wines, fertile soils, vigour controlled
south - driest hottest, poor sandy soils

Question 40

What are the soils of Tejo?

Answer 40

• clay-limestone and schist soils in the north
• fertile alluvial soils around the river
• sandy soils in the south

Question 41

From roughly north - south, what are the important VR’s

Answer 41

Minho VR
Duriense VR
Beira Atlantico VR
Terras do Dao VR
Lisboa VR
Tejo VR
Alentejano VR
Peninsula de Setubal VR