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WSET Level 4 Diploma D3 > Argentina > Flashcards

Argentina Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the first recorded vineyard in Argentina planted by Spanish settlers?

A

1550s

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2
Q

When did Argentina declared independent from Spain?

A

1816

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3
Q

What are the pink varieties of Argentina?

A

Cereza, Criolla Grande, Criolla Chica

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4
Q

Who is responsible started to look export markets?

A

Nicolas Catena

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5
Q

Who is a famous wine consultant that arrived in 1980s and 1990s?

A

Michael Rolland

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6
Q

What are the altitude of Argentinian vineyards?

A

500 to above 1000 meters

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7
Q

What are the key effects of altitude?

A
  • wide diurnal temperature range
  • cooler night tempeatures
  • a high proportion of ultraviolet radiation = higher levels of tannins and anthocyanins
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8
Q

What are the general climate of Argentina?

A

a continental climate with low rainfall

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9
Q

What is the name of the hot, dry powerful wind which usually blows across Argentina in late spring and early summer?

A

Zonda

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10
Q

How producers prevent the date of hail?

A
  • many producers use netting to protect their vines but covering a large vineyard area is very expensive, so only the most prized sites may be netted.
  • Rockets may be fired into thunderclouds, seeding them with silver iodde ro cause railfall rather than hail
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11
Q

what precautions can be taken to mitigate the risks of frost?

A

To mitigate the risks, avoid planting at the bottom of slopes as cold air is heavier than warm air and accumulates at the bottom of a slope and in valleys. If the area is prone to frost planting on the slope is the best option. Trellising should allow for vines to be trained higher from the ground. Bare soil absorbs heat in comparison to cover crops (including grass) and should be considered in frost prone areas. Delaying pruning is an option if frost is likely as it will delay budburst.

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12
Q

What type of soils are most of Argentina’s vineyards planted on?

A

Alluvial soils

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13
Q

When did a vine pulled scheme introduced?

A

1970s/80s

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14
Q

What is the typical method of irrigation?

A

flood irrigation

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15
Q

What is the traditional pergola system called?

A

Parral, to raise the grapes away from the heat of the ground and provide shade for the fruit
It is common for Criolla Grande, and Chicam Cereza and Pedro Gimenez

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16
Q

Why are the majority of vines are ungrafted?

A
  • Phylloxera has not caused any significant problems
  • sandy soils
  • arid climate
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17
Q

What are the examples of the modernization of viticulture in Argentina?

A
  • Mecanical harvesting
  • drip irrigation
  • canopy management
  • clonal selection
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18
Q

What are the most planted varieties in Argentina?

A
  • Malbec
  • Pink Criolla varieties
  • Bornada
  • Cabernet Sauvignon
  • Syrah
  • Pedro Gimenez
  • Torrontes
  • Chardonnay
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19
Q

What are the characteristics of Malbec from cooler sites (high altitude)?

A
  • lower alcohol
  • medium (+) acidity
  • firm, medium tannins
  • fresh fruit flavors with a mixture of red and black fruit and floral or herbal aromas
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20
Q

What are the characteristics of Malbec from warmer sites?

A
  • fuller bodied with riper fuirt characteristics
  • lower acidity
  • softer tannins
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21
Q

When does Malbec ripen?

A

a Mid-ripening

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22
Q

When does Bornada ripen?

A

a late-ripening variety

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23
Q

Who are the significant producers of super-premium wines?

A

Catena Zapata

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24
Q

What is the most planted white grape?

A

Pedro Gimenez

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25
Q

What are the 3 different varieties of Torrontes?

A

Torrontes Riojano
Torrontes Sanjuanino
Torrontes Mendocino

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26
Q

What are the grape varieties is Torrontes a cross of?

A

Criolla Chica x Muscat of Alexandria

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27
Q

When does Torrontes ripen?

A

an early ripening

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28
Q

Where is Torrontes successfully grown?

A

Cafayate in Salta

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29
Q

What are the 3 tiers of Argentina’s geographical indication?

A

IP: Indicacion de Procedencia
IG: Indicacion Geografica
DOC

30
Q

What are the GI categories from largest to smallest?

And a good example?

A

Region (Cuyo GI)
Province (Mendoza Province)
Sub region (Uco Valley)
Department (San Carlos)
District (La Consulta)
GI inside District (Paraje Altamira)

31
Q

What are the % of grapes are required? Vintage and single varieties are on the label

A

Vintage: 85%
Single varieties: 85%

32
Q

What are the aging requirement of Reserva and Gran Reserva?

A

Reserva: 12 months for reds or 6 months for white and rose
Gran Reserva: 2 years for reds or 1 year for white and rose

33
Q

What are provinces of regional GI Cuyo?

A

La Rioja
San Juan
Mendoza

34
Q

What are the elevation of Mendoza?

A

500m to 1500 m

35
Q

What % is the black varieties planting in Mendoza?

A

62%

36
Q

What are the 2 DOCs of Mendoza?

A

Lujan de Cuyo
San Rafael

37
Q

What are the 5 divisions of Mendoza?

A

Northern
Eastern
Central
Uco Valley and Southern

38
Q

What are the rivers run through Northern and Eastern Mendoza?

A

Mendoza River
Tunuyan River

39
Q

What is Central Mendoza known as ?

A

Primera Zona

40
Q

What are the most prestigious wine-producing departments in Central Mendoza?

A

Lujan de Cuyo
Maipu

41
Q

What are the elevation of Lujan de Cuyo?

A

900 -1100 m

42
Q

What are the aging requirements of Lujan de Cuyo DOC

A

min 24 months, at least 12 months in oak

43
Q

What are the district level GI’s within the Lujan de Cuyo GI?

A

Las Compuertas
Agrelo

44
Q

What are the soil types of Agrelo?

A

clay soil

45
Q

What are the elevation of Maipu?

A

600 - 900m

46
Q

What is the river run through Uco Valley?

A

Tunuyan River

47
Q

What are the elevation of Uco Valley?

A

850 - 1500 m = higher diurnal range

48
Q

What are the departments of Valle de Uco?

A

Tupungato
Tunuyán
San Carlos

49
Q

What is the district within Tupungato department?

A

Gualtallary

50
Q

What is the elevation of Gualtallary?

A

1100 -1600 m

51
Q

What is the soil type of Gualtallary?

A

Limestone

52
Q

What is the district within the department San Carlos in Uco Valley? And the GI within that district?

A

La Consulta

Paraje Altamira GI

53
Q

What are the soil types of Paraje Altamira?

A

Calcium carbonate and a stony topsoil

54
Q

What are the elevation of Paraje Altamira?

A

1000 - 1200 m

55
Q

What area is the coolest in Mendoza?

A

Tunuyán = Pinot Noir

south of Tupungato. wide range of altitudes, high sites = white/PN

56
Q

Which department of Valle de Uco is situated at the foot of volcano?

A

Tupungato, the Mount Tupungato

57
Q

What are the climate of San Rafael?

A

the summers are cooler and longer, resulting in slower sugar accumulation and good acid retention, prone to summer hailstorms

58
Q

What is the signature white grape in Southern Mendoza?

A

Chenin Blanc

59
Q

What is the prominent GI of San Juan?

A

Pedernal Valley ( 1250 - 1500m)

60
Q

Who is the largest producer of La Rioja?

A

La Riojana, co-op

61
Q

What is the river run through Salta?

A

Calchaqui River

62
Q

What is the climate condition of Salta?

A
  • Desert-like condition
    low latitudes and high altitudes = intense sunlight
  • The mountains surrounding the valley = shade for vineyards
  • The strong Zonda
63
Q

What is the prominent GI within Salta?

A

Cafayate, at 1700 m

64
Q

What are the climatic condition of Patagonia?

A
  • low elevation
  • low temperature
  • less intense sunlight
  • rainfall level is low = irrigation
65
Q

What are the varieties grow well in Rio Negro?

A

Pinot Noir
Malbec
Merlot
Sauvignon Blanc
Riesling

66
Q

Where does Argentina rank in terms of wine production in the world?

A

the fifth largest

67
Q

What are the vintage of 2016 for Argentina?

A

heavy rains by El Nino

68
Q

What are the vintage of 2017 for Argentina?

A

Spring frost

69
Q

What is the organization COVIAR?

A

brings together national and local governments, growers, producers and professional bodies, overseeing “Strategy 2020” to promote Argentinian wine further

70
Q

Who are the leading producers of Argentina?

A

Catena Zapata
- still family owned.

71
Q

Who are the producers amongst the largest in the world?

A

FeCoVITa: a collective of 29 co-operatives
Grupo Penaflor

WSET Level 4 Diploma D3 (31 decks)

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