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WSET Level 4 Diploma D3 > Oregon / Washington / New York > Flashcards

Oregon / Washington / New York Flashcards

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1
Q

When was the first modern vineyard established with V vinifera vines in OR?

A

1961

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2
Q

When did David Lett first planed Pinot Noir and where?

A

1966
Dundee Hills

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3
Q

What was Oregon wines became recognized? What was the wine awarded?

A

1979, the Wine Olympics blind tasting
1975 Eyrie Vineyards

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4
Q

What are the climate of Oregon?

A

a cool-moderate climate, a combination of the latitude and the influence of the cold Ocean currents and winds from the Pacific Ocean.

42-46 latitude (Frances med coast up to Macon)

generally high rainfall, most in winter

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5
Q

What are the soils of Oregon?

A

Marine sedimentary, volcanic and loess soils

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6
Q

What influences reduce mildew and disease pressure?

A

the wind and dry summer

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7
Q

What are the sustainable, organic and biodynamic program in OR?

A

Demeter Biodynamic
Oregon Tilth
Salmon-Safe
LIVE
Certified Sustainable
Deep Roots Coalition

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8
Q

What are the traditional Pinot Noir clones in OR?

A

Wadenswil traditionally/
then
Pommard
then
Dijon (permitted in the late 1980s)

All still in use offering a diverse selection.

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9
Q

What are the original clonal selections for Chardonnay in OR from California?

A

Wente
Clone 108

Both proved difficult to grow in OR.

Now
Dijon - early ripening

But with climate change some going back to Wente, Clone 108.

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10
Q

What are the winemaking styles trending for Pinot Noir in OR?

A
  • Whole bunches
  • ambient yeasts
  • alternative fermentation and storage vessels
  • majority of wines oaked, but decreasing
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11
Q

Who are the the significant producers for Pinot Noir in OR?

A

Evening Land

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12
Q

What are the common winemaking styles for Chardonnay in OR?

A
  • whole bunch pressing
  • fermentation and maturation in oak, with a high proportion of old oak
  • Full malolactic conversion and lees contact
  • the lees are usually left without stirring to encourage low levels of reductive sulfur compounds to develop
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13
Q

What are the climate of Willamette Valley AVA?

A

The coolest and wettest areas in OR, but still benefits from warm, dry summers with long hours of sunshine.
It is affected by cool coastal air, especially Van Duzer Corridor, Eola-Amity Hills, McMinnville

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14
Q

What are the common training systems in the valley floor and higher altitude in Willamette Valley?

A

the valley floor: Scott Henry to manage vigour
the higher altitude: cordon-trained or replacement-cane pruned vines with VSP trellising

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15
Q

What are the soil types in Willamette Valley?

A

the valley floor: fertile loam soils
at higher altitude: a mixture of marine sedimentary soils, volcanic basalt and loess soils

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16
Q

What are the 7 sub-AVAs of Willamette Valley?

A
  • Dundee Hils
  • Chehalem Mountains
  • Ribbon Ridge
  • Yamhill-Carlton District
  • Van Duzer Corridor
  • Eola Amity Hills
  • McMinnville
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17
Q

What is the elevation of Dundee Hills?

A

60 - 325m

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18
Q

What are the soils of Dundee Hills?

A

red iron-rich clay from volcanic basalt (Joly)

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19
Q

What are the soils of Chehalem Mountains?

A

loess, volcanic basalt and sedimentary (Laurelwood)

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20
Q

What are the soils of Ribbon Ridge?

A

sedimentary soil (Willakenzie)

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21
Q

What are the soils of Yamhill-Carlton?

A

ancient sedimentary soil

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22
Q

What are the effects of the winds in Van Duzer Corridor?

A
  • Early in the season, the winds can disrupt flowering and fruit set, and lead to lower yields
  • later in the season, the winds can cause the vine leaf stomata to shut and slow ripening
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23
Q

What are the soils of Van Duzer Corridor?

A

marine sediment loam and silt, shallow and well-draining

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24
Q

What are the soils of Eola-Amity Hills?

A

shallow rocky volcanic basalt over sedimentary soil

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25
Q

What are the climate of Southern Oregon?

A

warmer than Willamette Valley, but cooling influences come from mountains and river valleys that channel cool breezes during the afternoon and the evenings

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26
Q

What are the soils of Southern Oregon?

A

marine sedimentary soils and alluvial soils

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27
Q

What are the sub-AVAs of Umpqua Valley?

A

Elkton Oregon AVA
Red Hill Douglas County

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28
Q

What are the sub-AVAs of Rogue Valley?

A

Applegate Valley

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29
Q

What are the most and the second most planted in Southern Oregon?

A

Pinot Noir
Pinot Gris
Syrah
Cabernet Sauvignon

30
Q

What are the 3 mountains influence Umpqua Valley?

A

the Coast Range
the Cascade Range
the Klamath Mountains

31
Q

What AVA is the warmest and driest in OR?

A

Rogue Valley

32
Q

What are the 3 AVAs share with Washington and Oregon?

A

Walla Walla Valley
Columbia Gorge
Columbia Valley

33
Q

What % of grapes are required to be grown in Oregon, the stated appellation, multi-state appellation?

A

State: 100%
Appellation: 95%
Multi-state: 100%

34
Q

If a variety is stated on the lablel, it must comprise a minimum what % of the wine in OR?

A

90%

35
Q

Wine labelled as ‘estate-bottle: must be made from what % of grapes were grown in the winery’s AVA and fully finished at the estate in OR?

A

100%

36
Q

When were Washington’s first grapes planted and where?

A

at Fort Vancouver by the Hudson’s Bay Company in 1825

37
Q

What are the geographical feature affected the Columbia Valley

A

the Cascade Mountains, clock the wet Pacific weather and create dry, warm conditions.
the west of the Cascade Mountains, cooler and wetter climate

38
Q

What is the largest company in WA?

A

Chateau Ste. Michelle
Andre Tchelistcheff was advising, founded in 1934, became Chateau Ste. Michelle in 1976

39
Q

What are the significant producers in WA?

A

Quilceda Creek
Cayuse Vineyards

40
Q

What are the top varieties of WA?

A
  • Cabernet Sauvignon
  • Merlot
  • Chardonnay
  • Riesling
  • Syrah
41
Q

What are the sub-AVAs of Columbia Valley?

A

Yakima Valley
Red Mountain
Horse Heaven Hills
Wahluke Slope
Rattlesnake Hills
Walla Walla Valley

42
Q

What is the climate of Columbia Valley?

A

continental climate with hot summers, rapid cooling in the autumn and cold winters

43
Q

What are the soils of Columbia Valley?

A

basalt bedrock with sandy, silty, loess and alluvial topsoils, result of Missoula flood events - low risk of phylloxera

44
Q

What are the main hazards of Columbia Valley?

A

frost and winter freezes

45
Q

What is the largest sub-AVA of Columbia Valley?

A

Yakima Valley

46
Q

What are the most planed varieties of Yakima Valley?

A

Chardonnay
Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot
Syrah
Riesling

47
Q

What are the sub-AVA of Yakima Valley?

A

Red Mountain
Rattlesnake Hills
Snipe Mountain

48
Q

What is the mountain in Walla Walla Valley?

A

Blue Mountain, altitude up to 600m

49
Q

What is the general climate of New York?

A

Severe continental climate

50
Q

What are the large bodies of water have a moderating effect in NY?

A

the Hudson River
the finger Lakes
the Lake Erie

51
Q

What is the contribution of Dr. Konstantin Frank?

A

experimenting with Riesling and Chardonnay scions grafted onto hardiest of rootstocks, succeeded in over-wintering his own vines whilst native and hybrid vines succumbed to the cold

52
Q

What NY’s Farm Winery Act of 1976 allow growers to do?

A

open wineries and sell directly to the public, after which many new wineries were established

53
Q

What are the most producing areas in NY?

A

Finger Lakes
Hudson River Valley Region
Long Island

54
Q

What are the climate of Finger Lakes?

A

a continental climate with warm summers and cold winters

55
Q

describe how the Finger Lakes help to protect the region’s vines, particularly from cold temperatures and frost.

A
  • The lakes can generate their own lake-effect snow, which can also help insulate vines during the winter.
    The lakes provide a warming influence in the autumn enabling the grapes to ripen over a longer period and reducing the risk of autumn frosts.
    In the spring, cool air from the lake delays budburst reducing chance of damage in spring frost
  • Many vineyards are planted with low densities of large vines. Training and trellising systems such as Scott Henry are common, in which grape growers split the canopy either vertically or horizontally to allow greater air circulation reducing fungal disease and light penetration.
  • Snow can help insulate the vines during winter, many growers further protect the vines from winter freeze by hilling up the soil to cover the graft union.
56
Q

Why is the Scott Henry trellising system often used in the Finger Lakes AVA?

A

To allow greater air circulation and light penetration.

57
Q

What are the common winemaking techniques for Riesling in NY?

A
  • fermented at cool temperature
  • a few hours of skin contact
  • keep the wines on the lees
58
Q

What are the sub-AVAs of Long Island?

A
  • North Fork
  • Hamptons
59
Q

What are the climate of Long Island?

A

a maritime climate, long growing season

60
Q

What are the grapes do well in Long Island?

A

Merlot
Chardonnay
Sauvignon Blanc

61
Q

What are the diseases common in Long Island?

A

the fungal diseases

62
Q

How are the fungal diseases managed in Long Island?

A

Spraying
Leaf removal
Sorting grapes

63
Q

What are the soils of Long Island?

A

North Fork: sandy soils
Hamptons: silt loam soils

64
Q

What are the common training system in Long Island?

A

VSP

65
Q

What are the significant producers in Fingerlakes?

A

Hermann J Wiemer
Forge Cellars

66
Q

What are the significant producers in Long Island?

A

Wolffer Estate
Channing Daughters

67
Q

When did the first commercial wonery and the oldest active winery in the USA established and where?

A

1827 - the first commercial
1839 - the oldest active winery in the US
Hudson River Region

68
Q

What are the soils of Hudson River Region?

A

Glacial deposits of shale, slate, schist, limestone

69
Q

What are the climate of Hudson River Region?

A

a continental with warm summers and cold winters

70
Q

What are the hazards in Hudson River Region?

A

Frost and winter freeze

71
Q

What are the hybrid varieties commonly planted in Hudson River Valley?

A

Seyval Blanc
Vidal

72
Q

What is the contribution of Dr. Konstantin Frank?

A

experimenting with Riesling and Chardonnay scions grafted onto hardiest of rootstocks, succeeded in over-wintering his own vines whilst native and hybrid vines succumbed to the cold

WSET Level 4 Diploma D3 (31 decks)

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