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WSET Level 4 Diploma D3 > Chile > Flashcards

Chile Flashcards

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1
Q

When did Vinifera arrive in Chile?

A

1550s

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2
Q

Who imported Bordeaux grapes and a French winemaker, and when?

A

Silvestre Ochagavia Echazarreta
in 1850

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3
Q

What is the Climate of Chile in general?

A

a warm Mediterranean climate with a long dry and sunny growing season

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4
Q

What is the El Nino?

A

It occurs every two to ten years bringing much higher than average rainfall and much lower rainfall or drought in La Nina years

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5
Q

Which the vineyard areas was planted first in Chile?

A

Central Valley

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6
Q

What is the name of the current that flows up the eastern coast of Chile, bringing cold cold water from Antarctica?

A

The Humboldt Current

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7
Q

What are the soil types of River Valleys?

A

alluvial soils with areas of clay, sand, silt, and gravel

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8
Q

What are the soil types of Coastal Range slopes?

A

Gravel soils with sand and silt

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9
Q

What is the soil types of the Andes?

A

Volcanic, granite soil

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10
Q

What is the soil types of the Limari Valley?

A

calcareous

limestone

both rare for Chile.

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11
Q

What are the 2 major graphical features to have a cooling effect?

A

The Pacific Ocean and the Andes

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12
Q

What % of vineyards are irrigated?

A

85%, very dry condition

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13
Q

Which regions rely on rainfall instead of irrigation?

A

Itata

Lesser extent - Bio Bio & Maule

Old bush vines can source deep for water.

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14
Q

What diseases do Chile’s vineyards commonly have?

A

Nematodes

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15
Q

Is Chile phylloxera free?

A

yes = old, ungrafted vines, old bush vines of Pais, Muscat, Carignan and Cinsault in Itata and Maule

Due to natural boundaries and strict quarantine rules.

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16
Q

What are the most planted grapes of Chile?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon
Sauvignon Blanc
Merlot
Chardonnay
Carmenere
Pais
Syrah

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17
Q

When were many of vineyards pulled up?

A

1980s

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18
Q

When was Carmenere officially identified?

A

1994 - confused with Merlot.

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19
Q

What are the characteristics of Carmenere?

A
  • full-bodied
  • high level of tannins
  • medium acidity
  • flavors of ripe black fruits, herbaceous characteristics (bell pepper, eucalyptus)
  • notes of spice, roasted coffee of dark chocolate when oaked
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20
Q

When does Carmenere ripen?

A

2 or 3 weeks later than Merlot and needs warm, sunny sites

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21
Q

Where is Syrah planted in Chile?

A

the cooler-climate style: San Antonio, Casablanca, Limari, Elqui,
the warmer-climate style: Colchagua Valley, fuller-bodied with more intense, riper black fruit flavors

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22
Q

What are the 5 main regional DO?

A

Atacama
Coquimbo
Aconcagua
Central Valley
Southern

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23
Q

What are the 4 categories of Denominaciones de Origen?

A

Region
Sub-region
Zone
Area

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24
Q

To qualify for DO status, what % of grapes used must come from the region?

A

75% or 85% for wines being exported
75% variety labeled wines

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25
Q

What is the min alcohol of DO wines?

A

11.5%

26
Q

What is minimum alcohol of Reserva and Reseva Especial?

A

12% abv

27
Q

What is minimum alcohol of Reserva Privada and Gran Reserva?

A

12.5 abv

28
Q

What is the aging requirement of red wines labelled Reserva Privada and Gran Reserva?

A

aged in oak for a min of 6 months

29
Q

What are the new geographic system introduced in 2011?

A

Costa
Andes
Entre Cordilleras

30
Q

What are the DOs of Coquimbo Region?

A

Elqui
Limari
Choapa

31
Q

Where is the highest vineyard in Chile located and what is the altitude?

A

Elqui
up to 2200m

32
Q

What are the grapes grows well in Elqui?

A

Syrah and Sauvignon Blanc

33
Q

What are the climatic condition cools down Limari?

A

morning fog and cool breezes from the bay

34
Q

What are the soils of Limari?

A

Calcareous soils - rare for Chile
also some rare limestone.

35
Q

What are the sub-regions of Aconcagua?

A

Aconcagua Valley
Casablanca Valley
San Antonio Valley

36
Q

What are the climate of the central part of the Aconcagua Valley?

A

Warm and dry, though moderated somewhat by afternoon breezes from the coast. Rainfall is around 250 millimetres per year here and irrigation is essential

37
Q

What are the suitable grapes of the central part of the Aconcagua Valley?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon
Merlot
Syrah
Carmenere

38
Q

What are the climate of Aconcagua Coasta?

A

cool climate
Morning fogs and ocean breezes

39
Q

What are the grapes produced in Aconcagua Costa?

A

Pinot Noir and Chardonnay

40
Q

What are the climate of Aconcagua Andes?

A

Vineyards rise up to around 1000 meters
The days are sunny and warm, but cold at night

41
Q

Why is Casablanca Valley one of Chile’s coolest regions?

A
  • low coastal hills barely dimish cool ocean impact
  • higher hills in north/west trap cool air
  • most westerly low lying areas are the coolest.
42
Q

What are the varieties produced in Casablanca?

A

Sauvignon Blanc
Chardonnay
Pinot Noir
Syrah

43
Q

What are the varieties grown well in San Antonio?

A

Pinot Noir
Syrah
Chardonnay
Sauvignon Blanc

44
Q

What are the main varieties of Leyda Valley?

A

Sauvignon Blanc
Pinot Noir
Chardonnay
Syrah

45
Q

What are the DO sub-regions of Central Valley?

A

Maipo
Rapel
Curico
Maule

46
Q

What are the climate of Maipo Valley?

A

The Coastal Ranges shelter the area from any maritime influence.
Warm and sunny

47
Q

What are the main varieties of Maipo Valley?

A

Cabernet Sauvignon
Carmenere
Syrah
Merlot

48
Q

When many of family-owned wineries established in Maipo?

A

19th century

49
Q

What are the famous sub-regions within Maipo Valley?

A

This area, called the Alto Maipo, and its sub-regions Puente Alto and Pirque.

50
Q

What are the zones of Rapel Valley?

A

Cachapoul Valley
Colchagua Valley

51
Q

What are the well-known area within Cachapoul? What grape is know for?

A

Peumo
Carmenere

52
Q

What is the famous area within Colchagua Valley?

A

Apalta

53
Q

How are the good vineyards of Maule practiced and trained?

A

Dry-framed
Bush vines

54
Q

What varieties of old vines would you find in Maule?

A

Pais
Muscat of Alexandria
Carignan

55
Q

What are the characteristics of Pais?

A
  • pale in color
  • medium bodied
  • medium acidity
  • aromas of strawberry and raspberry, accompanied by spicy or herbal notes
  • the level of tannins in Pais in low or medium (-)
56
Q

What is VIGNO and where would find them?

A

a self-regulating growers association that promotes old vine, dry-farmed Carignan from the area of Cauquenes (in sub region of Maule Valley in Central Valley region, no ZONE)

57
Q

What are the sub-regions of Southern Region?

A

Itata
Bio Bio
Malleco

58
Q

What are the varieties of Itata Valley?

A

Chardonnay
Pinot Noir
Merlot
Cabernet Sauvignon

59
Q

What is MERCOSUR?

A

free trade area with other South American countries.

60
Q

What is the largest company?

How much percentage share does these large companies have?

A

Concha y Toro

80%

61
Q

Who are the foreign investors in Chile?

A

Mouton Rothschild
Lafite Rothschild
Jackson Family Wines

62
Q

What are the MOVI?

A

a group of small producers making quality wine that promote themselves together in the domestic and export markets

WSET Level 4 Diploma D3 (31 decks)

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