Chile

Question 1

When did Vinifera arrive in Chile?

Answer 1

1550s

Question 2

Who imported Bordeaux grapes and a French winemaker, and when?

Answer 2

Silvestre Ochagavia Echazarreta
in 1850

Question 3

What is the Climate of Chile in general?

Answer 3

a warm Mediterranean climate with a long dry and sunny growing season

Question 4

What is the El Nino?

Answer 4

It occurs every two to ten years bringing much higher than average rainfall and much lower rainfall or drought in La Nina years

Question 5

Which the vineyard areas was planted first in Chile?

Answer 5

Central Valley

Question 6

What is the name of the current that flows up the eastern coast of Chile, bringing cold cold water from Antarctica?

Answer 6

The Humboldt Current

Question 7

What are the soil types of River Valleys?

Answer 7

alluvial soils with areas of clay, sand, silt, and gravel

Question 8

What are the soil types of Coastal Range slopes?

Answer 8

Gravel soils with sand and silt

Question 9

What is the soil types of the Andes?

Answer 9

Volcanic, granite soil

Question 10

What is the soil types of the Limari Valley?

Answer 10

calcareous

limestone

both rare for Chile.

Question 11

What are the 2 major graphical features to have a cooling effect?

Answer 11

The Pacific Ocean and the Andes

Question 12

What % of vineyards are irrigated?

Answer 12

85%, very dry condition

Question 13

Which regions rely on rainfall instead of irrigation?

Answer 13

Itata

Lesser extent - Bio Bio & Maule

Old bush vines can source deep for water.

Question 14

What diseases do Chile’s vineyards commonly have?

Answer 14

Nematodes

Question 15

Is Chile phylloxera free?

Answer 15

yes = old, ungrafted vines, old bush vines of Pais, Muscat, Carignan and Cinsault in Itata and Maule

Due to natural boundaries and strict quarantine rules.

Question 16

What are the most planted grapes of Chile?

Answer 16

Cabernet Sauvignon
Sauvignon Blanc
Merlot
Chardonnay
Carmenere
Pais
Syrah

Question 17

When were many of vineyards pulled up?

Answer 17

1980s

Question 18

When was Carmenere officially identified?

Answer 18

1994 - confused with Merlot.

Question 19

What are the characteristics of Carmenere?

Answer 19

• full-bodied
• high level of tannins
• medium acidity
• flavors of ripe black fruits, herbaceous characteristics (bell pepper, eucalyptus)
• notes of spice, roasted coffee of dark chocolate when oaked

Question 20

When does Carmenere ripen?

Answer 20

2 or 3 weeks later than Merlot and needs warm, sunny sites

Question 21

Where is Syrah planted in Chile?

Answer 21

the cooler-climate style: San Antonio, Casablanca, Limari, Elqui,
the warmer-climate style: Colchagua Valley, fuller-bodied with more intense, riper black fruit flavors

Question 22

What are the 5 main regional DO?

Answer 22

Atacama
Coquimbo
Aconcagua
Central Valley
Southern

Question 23

What are the 4 categories of Denominaciones de Origen?

Answer 23

Region
Sub-region
Zone
Area

Question 24

To qualify for DO status, what % of grapes used must come from the region?

Answer 24

75% or 85% for wines being exported
75% variety labeled wines

Question 25

What is the min alcohol of DO wines?

Answer 25

11.5%

Question 26

What is minimum alcohol of Reserva and Reseva Especial?

Answer 26

12% abv

Question 27

What is minimum alcohol of Reserva Privada and Gran Reserva?

Answer 27

12.5 abv

Question 28

What is the aging requirement of red wines labelled Reserva Privada and Gran Reserva?

Answer 28

aged in oak for a min of 6 months

Question 29

What are the new geographic system introduced in 2011?

Answer 29

Costa Andes Entre Cordilleras

Question 30

What are the DOs of Coquimbo Region?

Answer 30

Elqui Limari Choapa

Question 31

Where is the highest vineyard in Chile located and what is the altitude?

Answer 31

Elqui up to 2200m

Question 32

What are the grapes grows well in Elqui?

Answer 32

Syrah and Sauvignon Blanc

Question 33

What are the climatic condition cools down Limari?

Answer 33

morning fog and cool breezes from the bay

Question 34

What are the soils of Limari?

Answer 34

Calcareous soils - rare for Chile also some rare limestone.

Question 35

What are the sub-regions of Aconcagua?

Answer 35

Aconcagua Valley Casablanca Valley San Antonio Valley

Question 36

What are the climate of the central part of the Aconcagua Valley?

Answer 36

Warm and dry, though moderated somewhat by afternoon breezes from the coast. Rainfall is around 250 millimetres per year here and irrigation is essential

Question 37

What are the suitable grapes of the central part of the Aconcagua Valley?

Answer 37

Cabernet Sauvignon Merlot Syrah Carmenere

Question 38

What are the climate of Aconcagua Coasta?

Answer 38

cool climate Morning fogs and ocean breezes

Question 39

What are the grapes produced in Aconcagua Costa?

Answer 39

Pinot Noir and Chardonnay

Question 40

What are the climate of Aconcagua Andes?

Answer 40

Vineyards rise up to around 1000 meters The days are sunny and warm, but cold at night

Question 41

Why is Casablanca Valley one of Chile's coolest regions?

Answer 41

- low coastal hills barely dimish cool ocean impact - higher hills in north/west trap cool air - most westerly low lying areas are the coolest.

Question 42

What are the varieties produced in Casablanca?

Answer 42

Sauvignon Blanc Chardonnay Pinot Noir Syrah

Question 43

What are the varieties grown well in San Antonio?

Answer 43

Pinot Noir Syrah Chardonnay Sauvignon Blanc

Question 44

What are the main varieties of Leyda Valley?

Answer 44

Sauvignon Blanc Pinot Noir Chardonnay Syrah

Question 45

What are the DO sub-regions of Central Valley?

Answer 45

Maipo Rapel Curico Maule

Question 46

What are the climate of Maipo Valley?

Answer 46

The Coastal Ranges shelter the area from any maritime influence. Warm and sunny

Question 47

What are the main varieties of Maipo Valley?

Answer 47

Cabernet Sauvignon Carmenere Syrah Merlot

Question 48

When many of family-owned wineries established in Maipo?

Answer 48

19th century

Question 49

What are the famous sub-regions within Maipo Valley?

Answer 49

This **area**, called the Alto Maipo, and its sub-regions Puente Alto and Pirque.

Question 50

What are the zones of Rapel Valley?

Answer 50

Cachapoul Valley Colchagua Valley

Question 51

What are the well-known **area** within Cachapoul? What grape is know for?

Answer 51

Peumo Carmenere

Question 52

What is the famous **area** within Colchagua Valley?

Answer 52

Apalta

Question 53

How are the good vineyards of Maule practiced and trained?

Answer 53

Dry-framed Bush vines

Question 54

What varieties of old vines would you find in Maule?

Answer 54

Pais Muscat of Alexandria Carignan

Question 55

What are the characteristics of Pais?

Answer 55

- pale in color - medium bodied - medium acidity - aromas of strawberry and raspberry, accompanied by spicy or herbal notes - the level of tannins in Pais in low or medium (-)

Question 56

What is VIGNO and where would find them?

Answer 56

a self-regulating growers association that promotes old vine, dry-farmed Carignan from the area of **Cauquenes** (in sub region of Maule Valley in Central Valley region, no ZONE)

Question 57

What are the sub-regions of Southern Region?

Answer 57

Itata Bio Bio Malleco

Question 58

What are the varieties of Itata Valley?

Answer 58

Chardonnay Pinot Noir Merlot Cabernet Sauvignon

Question 59

What is MERCOSUR?

Answer 59

free trade area with other South American countries.

Question 60

What is the largest company? How much percentage share does these large companies have?

Answer 60

Concha y Toro 80%

Question 61

Who are the foreign investors in Chile?

Answer 61

Mouton Rothschild Lafite Rothschild Jackson Family Wines

Question 62

What are the MOVI?

Answer 62

a group of small producers making quality wine that promote themselves together in the domestic and export markets