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Italy > Portugal > Flashcards

Portugal Flashcards

1
Q

Touriga Nacional

A

firm structure, black fruit

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2
Q

tinta roriz aka

A

tempranillo

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3
Q

Periquita aka

A

Castelao

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4
Q

where is castelao primarily planted?

A

in the south

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5
Q

tinta amarela aka

A

trincadeira

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6
Q

where does trincadeira do best?

A

warm, southern areas - namely, alentejo and tejo

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7
Q

t/f: less than 1/3 of Portugese wine is white

A

true

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8
Q

most planted white variety

A

fernao pires aka maria gomes

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9
Q

where is fernao pires primarily found?

A

in the south (palmela, tejo, setubal) and on the central coast (Bairrada)

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10
Q

how many VR designations does Portugal have?

A

14

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11
Q

“vinho verde” translates to

A

green wine - green implying youth; wine is meant to be drunk young

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12
Q

two main grapes of white vinho verde

A

alvarinho and loureiro

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13
Q

alvarinho vinho verde vs Rias Baixas albarino

A

VV Alvarinho - more petillant, mineral, tart

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14
Q

min abv for white vinho verde

A

8.5

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15
Q

red vinho verde grape

A

vinhao

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16
Q

3 Douro subregions

A

baixo corgo
cima corgo
douro superior

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17
Q

two main white Port grapes

A

Gouveio and Malvasia

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18
Q

cadasto

A

vineyard ranking system used for Port

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19
Q

How are Port vineyards classified?

A

system known as cadasto - assesses 12 factors eg altitude and yield - and ranks vineyards A to F

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20
Q

lagares

A

concete or granite troughs

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21
Q

this city is home to most Port lodges and is where the majority of aging takes place

A

Vila Nova de Gaia

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22
Q

Why is Vila Nova de Gaia where most Port aging takes place

A

more ideal environment - minimal evaporation and/or maderization

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23
Q

ruby port - aging

A

aged in cask for 2 years

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24
Q

“reserve” port

A

ruby port w/ extended aging - 4-6 years

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25
Q

Late Bottled Vintage Port

A

single year w/ 4-6 years in cask

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26
Q

what is tawny port?

A

port with extended aging for the color to transition from ruby red to golden brown

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27
Q

vintage port

A

single year’s harvest and only in great years - max 2 1/2 yrs aging before bottling - typically cellared for many years before release

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28
Q

colheita

A

single vintage tawny port - min 7 yrs in cask

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29
Q

what is a single vintage tawny port

A

colheita

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30
Q

white port is often served as an ____

A

aperitif

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31
Q

t/f: rose port is banned

A

false

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32
Q

where is Madeira?

A

island in the Atlantic - 400 miles off coast of Morocco

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33
Q

origin of Madeira wine

A

Madeira was once an important re-supply stop for ships sailing across the world. Ships would take on local wine - which were fortified to prevent spoilage - and store them in cargo holds of ship. these wines were “cooked” - resulting in an amber color and nutty, caramelized flavors

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34
Q

this island also produces Madeira DOC wine

A

Porto Santo

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35
Q

Madeirense DOC is used for

A

unfortified table wines of Madeira

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36
Q

how are vineyards on Madeira irrigated?

A

system of canals aka levadas

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37
Q

most planted grape of Madeira

A

tinta negra

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38
Q

noble grapes of Madeira

A

Secial
Verdelho
Boal
Malvasia (aka Malmsey)

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39
Q

Madeira has a _____ climate

A

subtropical

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40
Q

dry Madeira is made with these grapes

A

tinta negra, sercial, verhelho

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41
Q

sweet Madeira is made with these grapes

A

Boal, Malvasia, tinta negra

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42
Q

How is modern Madiera Madeirized?

A

canteiro method or estufagem method

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43
Q

canteiro method

A

Madeira wine is aged in cask in an uncooled warehouse. best method. min 3 yrs, some over 20 years

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44
Q

estufagem method

A

cuba de calor - wine placed in concrete or ss vat - hot water is circulated through a coil - process takes min 3 months
armazem de calor - wine is placed in vats in large steam rooms - 6 months to a year

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45
Q

classic styles of Madeira, from driest to sweetest

A

sercial
verdelho
boal
malmsey

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46
Q

colheita vs frasqueira Madeira

A

colheita - vintage madeira w/ 5 yrs age min
frasqueira - vintage min 20 yrs age

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47
Q

vintage madeira cask aged for min 20 yrs

A

frasqueira

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48
Q

main white grape of Bairrada

A

Maria Gomes aka fernao pires

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49
Q

lead whites of Dao

A

encruzado and bical

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50
Q

Dao DOC focuses on this style of wine

A

rich, full complex red blends

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51
Q

main red grapes of Dao

A

alfrocheiro, tinta roriz, jane, touriga nacional

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52
Q

What kind of wine do you expect from Lisboa VR?

A

fresh, crisp whites based on Arinto
fruit forward reds

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53
Q

Lourinha DOC

A

DOC for brandy located in Lisboa

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54
Q

this DOC is known for its unique sandy vineyards

A

Colares DOC

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55
Q

Colares DOC red grape

A

Ramisco

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56
Q

leading grapes of Tejo

A

castelao
trincadeira
fernao pires

57
Q

What kind of wine does Tejo Vr produce?

A

significant producer of regional wine (VR Tejo) and vinho de Portugal wine

58
Q

the 2 DOCS of Peninsula de Setubal

A

Setubal DOC
Palmela DOC

59
Q

what is Setubal DOC known for

A

vin doux naturel wine made from Muscat of Alexandria

60
Q

Palmela DOC located where and what is it known for

A

Peninsula de Setubal - sandy soils and red wine based on Castelao

61
Q

general style of Alentejano VR and Alentejo DOC

A

rich, fruit forward, full

62
Q

lead grapes of Alentejo DOC

A

aragonez, trincadeira, alicante bouschet

63
Q

Where are the Azores?

A

1000 miles off west coast of Portugal

64
Q

VR level wines must be made with minimum __% grapes from stated region

A

85

65
Q

garrafeira

A

“private wine cellar” - term used by producers to indicate a nice bottle

66
Q

reserva meaning

A

min .5% higher abv

67
Q

reserva meaning for trad method sparkling wine

A

min 12 mo on lees

68
Q

Colheita Seleccionada means…

A

min 1% higher abv

69
Q

what kind of wine does castelao produce

A

big, tannic, red fruited wines

70
Q

“casta”

A

variety

71
Q

most planted red grape of Portugal

A

tinta roriz aka aragonez aka tempranillo

72
Q

where can you find the finest examples of Arinto?

A

Bucelas

73
Q

how were vines traditionally trained in Minho

A

enforcado

74
Q

predominant soil of Minho

A

granite

75
Q

portugal’s first demarcated wine region

A

douro

76
Q

Douro has an abundance of this soil

A

schist

77
Q

least planted Douro subregion

A

Douro Superior

78
Q

top 5 Port grapes

A

Touriga Nacional
Touriga Franca
Tinta Roriz
Tinta Cao
Tinta Barocca

79
Q

Dao DOC vineyards are often planted on _____ soils

A

granitic

80
Q

What helps preserve acidity of DAO wines

A

high elevation

81
Q

soils of Bairrada

A

barros (clay) - baga
sandy soils - white grapes eg maria gomes and arinto

82
Q

this region is the #1 producer

A

Lisboa

83
Q

white wine from Peninsula de Setubal is usually a blend of…

A

Arinto and Fernao Pires

84
Q

Premier grape of Peninsula de Setubal

A

castelao

85
Q

Alentejano is know for ____-quality wines

A

low; fertile alluvial plain; mass quantity

86
Q

this mountain range cuts off Atlantic influence for Douro

A

Serra do Marao

87
Q

the better Ports and all vintage Ports come from these 2 subregions

A

Cima Corgo or Douro Superior

88
Q

what is “Corgo”

A

a large tributary of the Douro

89
Q

what do all the 5 main Port grapes have in common?

A

small berries and thick skinned

90
Q

benefits of crushing grapes by foot

A

treading breaks the grapes, crushes the skins, and then mixes the skins with the juice for flavor and color extraction - all this without smashing the seeds (seeds contain very bitter tannins)

91
Q

port typically has about __ g/l of residual sugar

A

70

92
Q

port typically has about __ ABV

A

20%

93
Q

bottle-aged port characteristics

A

chocolatey, red fruit flavors

94
Q

the age listed on the label of a Tawny Port means..

A

the average age of all the wines used in the bottle

95
Q

give some examples of Reserve Ports

A

dow’s “AJS”
Fonseca’s “Bin 27”
Warre’s “Warrior”

96
Q

what is a Reserve Port

A

“every-night” Port - often propreitary names - blend of wine that averages 4-6 yrs in barrel before being bottled and released. bold red berry flavors

97
Q

this recent vintage of Port is considered one of the best of all time

A

2017

98
Q

t/f: over 15 grapes are authorized for Madeira production

A

true

99
Q

quality levels of Madeira

A

3 yr old Madeira
5 yr old reserve Madeira
10 yr old Special Reserve Madeira
15 Year Old Extra Reserve Madeira
Solera Madeira
Colheita Madeira
Frasqueira

100
Q

benefits of pergola training

A

other crops can be planted beneath

101
Q

Where are you most likely to find Antao Vaz?

A

alentejo. often blended w/ arinto

102
Q

where is Encruzado a leading grape?

A

Dao

103
Q

Where is Bastardo grown and what can you tell me about it?

A

native to Jura where it is known as Trousseau. found in Douro and Dao

104
Q

this region lies on a high granite plateau 1300-1600ft above sea level

A

Dao

105
Q

Bairrada soils

A

Bairrada’s name is derived from “barro” - aka Clay. clay studded w/ limestone

106
Q

“adega”

A

winery

107
Q

“maduro”

A

mature

108
Q

“vinha”

A

vineyard

109
Q

engarrafado (na origem)

A

estate bottled

110
Q

“herdade”

A

farm or estate

111
Q

Duriense VR is typically used for…

A

wines made from international varieties

112
Q

t/f: most Algarve wine is sold under Algarve VR rather than its DOCs

A

true

113
Q

red Vinho Verde is very _____

A

fruity

114
Q

prestigious northern subregion of Vinho Verde, known for Alvarinho

A

Moncao e Melgaco - hills shelter this region from the ocean - grapes ripen fully here

115
Q

why is Baixo Corgo considered the worst subregion for quality Ports

A

too damp

116
Q

why has Port traditionally been treaded in lagares?

A

in standard wine - color and flavors and tannins are extracted over time during course of fermentation. Port’s fermentation is artificially cut short - requiring the need to extract color, flavor, tannins w/ the quickness

117
Q

how is Port produced?

A

Run partially fermented wine into a tank or barrel a quarter full of grape spirit

118
Q

the vineyards of Colares and Carcavelos have been reduced due to…

A

urban sprawl

119
Q

Colares white grape

A

Malvasia de Colares

120
Q

what kind of wine does Carcavelos DOC produce

A

fortified wine, red and white

121
Q

t/f: portugese wines are typically blends

A

true

122
Q

this grape, unusually for Portugal, is typically not blended in Bairrada

A

Baga

123
Q

the story of Madeira

A

“madeira” = wood in Portugese

124
Q

Where is Antao Vaz the white variety of choice?

A

Alentejo

125
Q

t/f: Antao Vaz is typically used to create varietal wines, not blends

A

true

126
Q

what kind of wine does Antao Vaz produce?

A

wide range of styles; typically ripe, tropicaly, fruity

127
Q

Alentejo wines are typically…

A

rich, ripe, jammy

128
Q

does Lisboa produce more red wine or white wine?

A

white wine

129
Q

t/f: Lisboa producers are quantity-focused, rather than quality focused

A

true

130
Q

this DOC makes some of Lisboa’s best reds

A

Alenquer DOC

131
Q

Obidos DOC is located where and produces what style of wine?

A

Lisboa - sparkling

132
Q

What’s unique about Setubal’s WM process?

A

skins macerate with the wines for up to 6 months - results in very high aromatics

133
Q

significance of these years
1250
1386
1419

A

1250 - Moors expelled; Portugal nationalized
1386 - Treaty of Windsor signed
1419 - Madeira discovered and colonized

134
Q

When did Port wine come to fame and why?

A

1678 - two Englishmen visited Douro and “discovered” Port wine. Started shipping Port back to England where it did very well in the market. In the late 17th century, England enacted bans and tariffs of French goods, creating a void in the market Port was able to fill

135
Q

this grape typically dominates the blends of Vinho Verde

A

loureiro

136
Q

what mountain ranges does the Douro River flow between

A

Marao
Montemuro

137
Q

this grape compares to Chardonnay

A

Encruzado

138
Q

What species of oak tree is primarily used for cork production?

A

quercus suber

139
Q

where is blending Syrah with native grapes common?

A

tejo

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