Porto Madeira Flashcards
Single Quinta vintage Port for Croft?
Quinta do Roêda (Cima Corgo)
est. 1736 owned by Fladgate’s
Single Quinta vintage Port for Dow’s?
Quinta do Bomfim (Cima Corgo)
Quinta Senhora da Ribeira (Douro Superior)
est. 1877 owned by Symington
Single Quinta vintage Port for Fonseca?
Quinta do Panascal (Cima Corgo)
est. 1815 owned by Fladgate’s
Single Quinta vintage Port for Grahams?
Quinta dos Malvedos (Cima Corgo)
Quinta do Tua (Cima Corgo)
est. 1820 owned by Symington
Single Quinta vintage Port for Kopke?
Quinta do São Luiz (Cima Corgo)
est. 1638 owned by Sogevinus
Single Quinta vintage Port for Martinez?
Quinta do Chousa
Quinta da Eira Velha (Cima Corgo) One of the oldest vineyards in the Duoro Valley, dating back to 1513, sold to Fladgate’s in 2007
Martinez est. in 1790
Single Quinta vintage Port for Quinta do Noval?
Quinta do Silval (Cima Corgo) (Last vintage 2015)
Quinta do Passadouro (Cima Corgo) (First vintage 2019) Quinta do Noval Nacional (Cima Corgo) Not a separate vineyard, but the heart of Quinta do Noval vineyard. Post-phylloxera, ungrafted vines.
est. 1715 owned by AXA Millesimes
Single Quinta vintage Port for Ramos Pinto?
Quinta do Bom Retiro (Cima Corgo) Uses for 20yr Tawny Quinta do Ervamoira (Douro Superior) Used for SQVP and 10yr Tawny Port
est. 1880 owned by Roederer
Single Quinta vintage Port for Taylor Fladgate’s?
Quinta de Vargellas (Douro Superior) Primary vineyard used for Vintage Port Bottlings, first SQVP 1958
Quinta de Terra Feita (Cima Corgo) First SQVP in 1986.
Quinta do Junco (Cima Corgo)
est. 1692 Owned by Taylor Fladgate’s
Single Quinta vintage Port for Warre’s?
Quinta da Cavadinha (Cima Corgo)
est. 1617 owned by Symington
Port DOP sub zones west to east?
Baixo Corgo, Cima Corgo, Douro Superior
Authorized varieties for Tinto Porto DOP?
Aragonez (Tinta Roriz), Bastardo, Castelão, Cornifesto, Donzelinho Tinto, Malvasia Preta, Marufo, Rufete, Tinta Barroca, Tinta Francisca, Tinto Cão (Tinta Cão), Touriga Franca, Touriga Nacional, Trincadeira (Tinta Amarela)
Authorized varieties for Branco Porto DOP?
Arinto (Pedernã), Cercial, Donzelinho-Branco, Folgazão, Gouveio, Malvasia Fina, Moscatel Galego Branco, Rabigato, Samarrinho, Semillon, Sercial (Esgana Cão), Síria (Roupeiro), Verdelho, Viosinho, Vital
Minimum alcohol level for Porto DOP?
19-22% (except Porto Branco Leve Seco, which has a min. 16.5%)
Residual sugar levels for Porto DOP?
All Port wines must reach a minimum 17.5 g/l.
Branco Leve Seco: 17.5 g/l - 65 g/l
Extra-Seco: 17.5 g/l - 40 g/l
Seco: 40 - 65 g/l
Meio Seco: 65 - 85 g/l
Doce: 85 - 130 g/l
Muito Doce (Very Sweet): more than 130 g/l
Vintage aging requirements for Porto DOP?
Wines must be bottled by July 30 of the third year after harvest. Wines may be sold from May 1 of the second year after harvest and is around 1-3% of production
State the maximum amount of yields for red and white grapes in Port?
55 hl/ha for red grapes
65 hl/ha for white grapes
What is a Socalcos?
Narrow terraces supported by stone walls. Each terrace can only support a few rows of vines and mechanization is not possible.
What is a patamares?
Terraces built without a retaining wall and each terrace is wide enough t allow tractor access
What is vine ao alto?
Vines are planted upon and down the slope and accessed by roads cutting across the slope where machinery is operated by winches
What is the difference between Ruby Port and Ruby Reserve Port?
Ruby Port/Reserve Ruby Port is often aged in bulk (in wood, cement, or stainless steel) for two to three years (3yrs max) prior to bottling. Ruby Reserve Port offers more complexity and character than a basic Ruby Port.
Define Envelhecido em Garrafa?
Unfiltered LBV Ports may be labeled as Envelhecido em Garrafa, indicating an additional minimum three years of bottle aging.
Late-Bottled-Vintage (LBV) aging requirements for Porto DOP?
LBV Ports are from a single vintage and have been matured in large-format barrels or stainless steel between four and six years following the vintage before bottling. The majority of LBV wines are filtered prior to bottling; they will not require decanting and do not usually improve with additional bottle age.
Define a single quinta vintage Port?
A single quinta Vintage Port is the product of one estate’s harvest. If a Port house cannot declare a vintage, it may showcase the fruit of one of its better estates as a vintage wine.
Define a vintage Port?
VP is made form the best quality grapes from superior sites. Producers must state their intention to declare a vintage in the second year after harvest and can only age a maximum of three years and must be bottled in the second spring following the vintage improving as they mature
What does Colheita mean in Port production?
Colheita Tawny Port is a vintage-dated Port that spends a minimum of seven years in cask—many stay in cask for decades. Colheita Port has the singular character of a vintage wine but is oxidative, tertiary in character, and rich. These wines are also topped up to avoid uncontrolled oxidation.
What are the aging requirements for Garrafeira Porto DOP?
Wines that are aged in cask for at least 4 years, maximum 8 years, with an additional minimum 15 years in a glass container.
What is the difference between Tawny Port and Reserve Tawny Port?
Tawny Port ( 3 yrs max aging) do not undergo the extensive cask aging
Reserve Tawny Port ages for at least seven years prior to bottling and are blended from several vintages, and retain some youthful freshness while gaining a hint of the creamy, delicate nature of a true old Tawny. Tawny Port will not improve with additional bottle age.
What is the difference between Velho and Muito Velho in Porto DOP?
Wines that are 10 or 20 years old may be labeled “Velho”; wines that are 30/40 or 50 years old may be labeled “Muito Velho” (very old).
Explain Tawny with Indication of Age?
Tawny Ports that display an age indication result from high-quality fruit, and are matured in seasoned wood; are racked once annually, freshened with additional spirit or wine as evaporation takes its natural course, and are finally blended together prior to bottling. The age indication is not an average age of the blended wines in the bottle, but rather an approximation: for example, “10 Year Old Tawny” to taste like a 10 Year Old Tawny, regardless of the wine’s actual age. These wines show a progressively more concentrated, developed character, and reaching a pronounced oxidative, rancio state by forty years of age
What does Crusted mean for Porto DOP?
This term indicates that the wine has been matured and has left sediment in the bottle.
What does Reserva/Reserve on a label stand for in Porto DOP?
This term implies greater quality when used for “Ruby” Port but it does not carry any minimum aging requirement. If accompanied by the term “Tawny” or “White” the wine must have been cask-aged for at least 7 years.
What authorization does the IDVP grant each grower and what does it stand for?
Beneficio authorization
The maximum amount of wine that may be fortified in a given year—based on a matrix of twelve factors
In the beneficio authorization what letter is awarded to a score of more than 1200 points?
A
What is the Moreira da Fonseca method?
Points that are given to a vineyard based on 12 criteria. Seven soil and climate factors and 5 viticulture factors.
Name seven soil and climate factors given for Moreira da Fonseca method?
Location, altitude, exposure, bedrock, rough matter, slope and shelter.
Name five factors related to the vine itself for the Moreira da Fonseca method?
Type of vine, planting density, yield, training system, and vine age
Traditionally, grapes were foot-crushed and fermented in low, open granite troughs called what?
Lagares
The vinification technology in which the fermenting wine would be pumped over the cap by virtue of its own buildup of gas?
Autovinifier
_________ is the fortification of wine with spirit—occurs when approximately one-third of the sugar content has been converted to alcohol which halts fermentation, killing the yeasts and preserving sweetness in the Port.
Beneficio (Mutage)
What is Porto fortified with and what is the percentage of ABV?
The wine is fortified to 19-22% abv by the addition of aguardente—“burning water”—a 77% abv neutral grape spirit.
A _______ is the traditional barrel used for both aging and shipping Port wine
Pipe (550L)
In 1419 what three explorers reach Madeira island?
João Gonçalves Zarco, Tristão Vaz Teixeira, and Bartolomeu Perestrelo
In Madeira, what are the water channels from the mountainous center called?
Levadas
Define IGP In Portugal?
Indicação Geográfica Protegida (IGP)
What are walls of basalt stone that sustain terraces in Madeira?
Poios
Define DOP in Portugal?
Denominação de Origem Protegida (DOP)
What are the main communes in Madeira?
The main communes are Câmara de Lobos, on the south coast of Madeira, (368 acres); and, on the north coast, São Vicente, (274 acres), and Santana, (131 acres).
What is the main soil type in Madeira?
Madeira has acidic volcanic soils, predominantly basaltic, rich in organic matter, iron, and magnesium.
Briefly define the climate in Madeira?
Mediterranean
Madeira has warm and humid summers and mild winters that have varied impacts on the island’s numerous microclimates. In the center of the island, (118 inches); on the south coast, (20 inches). Average annual temperatures vary from 60F - 70F. Mean humidity is 69%, though 75% of the total annual rainfall occurs in autumn and winter.
What does IVBAM mean In Madeira?
Instituto do Vinho, do Bordado e do Artesanato da Madeira
Because of the island’s mountainous topography, most agriculture requires terraces, which are called what In Madeira?
Poios, that are held in place by basalt rocks
Name the three types of companies involved in the Madeira wine trade?
-Production companies
-Shippers will select wines from a producer, who will then bottle the wine under the shipper’s brand
-Partidistas who store the wine and sell it at maturity to other traders for a profit
Is mechanization possible in Madeira?
Mechanization is nearly impossible, except in larger vineyards that have shallower gradients.
How large are most vineyard sites in Madeira?
The average vineyard is just 0.7 acres
What is the most common vine training system in Madeira?
Latada, a version of Pergola
On flatter land in Madeira, what is the most common vine training system?
Espalier, a form of easier-to-service vertical shoot positioning
What system in Madeira makes agriculture possible?
Levadas, which are water channels from the mountainous center of the Island
What is the most widely planted grape in Madeira?
Tinta Negra
What is the most planted white grape in Madeira and where does it grow?
Verdelho
It grows mostly in the north-central and northwest areas of the island, at altitudes up to 1,300 feet and in well-drained soils, trained low to the ground.
Define the Sercial grape and where it grows most in Madeira?
Esgano Cão, which translates to “dog strangler” and refers to the grape’s mouth-puckering acidity.
Sercial can grow at the highest altitudes in Madeira, at 2,200 to 2,300 feet. It, along with Malvasia, is among the last varieties to be harvested.
Describe Boal and where it mostly grows?
(Bual, Malvasia Fina): Boal grows at relatively low altitudes, below 1,000 feet, in the southern portion of the island. It is low yielding but robust and is a popular table grape.
Which other two grapes is Malvasia linked to in Madeira?
Madeira’s Malvasia is mostly Malvasia Branca de São Jorge, along with the much rarer but historic Malvasia Cândida
On Madeira island where does Malvasia grow mostly?
Malvasia grows at altitudes below 500 feet, usually close to the sea and predominantly on the south coast. It is one of the last grapes to be harvested.
What is the percentage of spirit in Madeira production and what is it made from?
96% ABV from grape spirit
List the “dry” styles of Madeira?
Medium-dry, medium-rich, and rich styles
Entry-level wines are typically heated through what process and which grape is usually used?
Estufagem process
Tinta Negra
Describe what Estufa means in Madeira production?
In wine production when the desired grapes are placed inside a stainless steel tank heated by hot water coils to 45 to 113 to 122 degrees Fahrenheit for a minimum of three months; sugars in the wine will slowly caramelize and give the estufa wine its distinctive character
Once this estufagem is complete in Madeira production what happens after?
The wine is rested (estágio) for a further three months. The wines may not be bottled until October 31 of the second year following the harvest, though they are usually aged in wood and then bottle for three years.
For better quality grapes in the Madeira aging process please explain what happens?
Better-quality wines are put in casks that are placed on wooden supports or trestles called CANTEIROS for a minimum of two years. Compared with the forced estufagem method, this is a gentler aging process that takes advantage of seasonal ambient temperatures, encouraging oxidative maturation, concentration, and complexity through evaporation. These wines can be sold only at least three years from January 1 following harvest. Most Vinho de Canteiro wines spend far longer in wood.
What is a more delicate variation on the Estufagem process?
A more delicate variation on the Estufagem process involves placing the wine in “armazens de calor”, rooms warmed by nearby tanks or steam pipes rather than the direct heat of the estufa.
How much dry extract is required by the OIV in Madeira wine production destined for long maturation in cask and bottle, such as top Madeira categories?
The OIV requires at least 12 grams of dry extract per liter in any beverage labeled as wine
Explain what dry extract in Madeira production means?
The dry extract of a wine is composed of nonvolatilizable organic compounds that increase over time because of concentration. It is considered a quality parameter indicative of a wine’s aging potential. Long aging with elevated temperatures might deplete or destroy some organic compounds in the wine. To counter any loss of these compounds, winemakers extract as many grape components as possible, primarily mineral salts, aroma and flavor precursors, and polyphenols. This is achieved through maceration, gentle extraction methods, and, where necessary, the addition of pectolytic enzymes
What is rainwater in Madeira?
Slightly lighter style than the normal, the wine is almost always made from Tinta Negra as an unaged (three-year-old) medium-dry style that is between 40 and 50g of r/s per liter and around 18% ABV, and pale in color.
How many indications of age are there for Madeira?
Designations are available for blends with an age of 5, 10, 15, 20, 30, 40, 50, and over 50 years, when deemed to be in conformity with standards of quality and typicity.
Define Colheita in Madeira production?
Harvest or Colheita Madeira is produced from a single vintage (85% minimum required) and is aged for a minimum 5 years prior to bottling with organoleptic characteristics. It may be a blend or a single varietal wine. The word “harvest” is sometimes used in place of Colheita but producers are not allowed to use the word “vintage” on labels.
What does it mean if a wine is Frasqueira?
Frasqueira wines are from a single vintage and a single noble variety, produced in the canteiro method and aged continuously in cask for at least 20 years, showing exceptional organoleptic characteristics. The year of bottling must be indicated on the back label.
What does Garrafeira refer to in Madeira?
Garrafeira refers to a private cellar or collection of wines of Frasqueira quality.
What is the difference between Reserve/old or old reserve in Madeira?
Reserve or Old is a blend of at least five years of age.
Old Reserve (sometimes Special Reserve or Very Old)is a wine of at least 10 years of age.
On a label what’s does the term Selected, Choice, Fine, or Finest mean?
A wine showing special qualities for the stated age.
In Madeira wine making what define the term Solera?
A wine with a minimum of five years in cask. After this period, 10% of the base wine can be drawn off annually and replaced with the same volume of younger wine of the same variety, with a maximum of 10 additions. No new soleras have been started on Madeira for many years.
List Madeiras stylistic designations?
Extra dry, dry, medium dry, medium sweet, sweet
Sercial sweetness levels?
Sercial must be extra dry (30g of r/s per liter) or dry (40 to 55g of r/s per liter)
Verdelho sweetness level?
Verdelho must be medium dry (60 to 70g of r/s per liter)
Boal sweetness levels?
Boal must be medium sweet (70 to 95g of r/s per liter )
Malmsey sweetness levels?
Malmsey is the sweetest and must exceed over 90g of r/s per liter).
