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MLT 203 > porphyrins and trace elements > Flashcards

porphyrins and trace elements Flashcards

1
Q

what is a prophyrin

A

a ring that carries iron

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2
Q

hemoglobin carries __% of iron

A

65%

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3
Q

myglobin carries __% of iron

A

10%

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4
Q

___% of iron is bound to enzymes

A

1-3%

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5
Q

storage forms of iron

A

ferritin

hemosiderin

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6
Q

plasma transport of iron is done by

A

transferrin

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7
Q

human body carries ___ g of iron

A

3-5 grams

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8
Q

where we get Heme

A

meats, organ meats

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9
Q

where we get non-heme iron

A

plants, iron-fortified foods

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10
Q

RDA for iron

A 
19-50 = 18 mg/day
51+ = 8 mg/day
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11
Q

ferrous iron (Fe2+)

A

absorbed form, bound to transferrin

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12
Q

Ferric iron (Fe3+)

A

dietary form (needs to be reduced)
transport/storage
encapsulated in ferritin and stored in liver, bone marrow, spleen

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13
Q

iron is lost by

A

RBC loss, desquamation

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14
Q

iron homeostasis is regulated via

A

intestinal absorption

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15
Q

transferrin is formed in ___

A

liver

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16
Q

trasnferrin transports ____ from GI tracts and delivers to receptor sites

A

Fe3+

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17
Q

when iron is needed in the body

A
  • released from ferritin, enters plasma
  • transferrin binds Fe3+
  • transports to bone marrow/liver
  • once delivered, trasnferrin recirculates
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18
Q

iron ref range men

A

65-175 ug/dL

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19
Q

iron ref range women

A

50-170 ug/dL

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20
Q

transferrin ref range

A

200-360 mg/dl

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21
Q

ferritin ref range male

A

20-250 ng/mL

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22
Q

ferritin ref range female

A

10-120 ng/mL

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23
Q

TIBC ref range

A

250-425 ug/dl

24
Q

% saturation transferrin ref range

A

15-30%

25
Q

decreased iron (chronic loss)

A

peptic ulcer
excessive menstruation
hemorrhoids
gastritis

26
Q

increased iron

A

hemochromatosis
iron supplements
transfusions
RBC destruction

27
Q

diseases with increased iron

A

lead poisoning
pernicious anemia
megaloblastic anemia

28
Q

lab findings with iron deficiency anemia

A
  • transferrin increased (attempt to transport Fe to depleted tissue)
  • %Saturation decreased (increased transferrin, decreased iron)
  • <10ng/mL Ferritin
29
Q

Hemosiderosis

A

secondary/acquired iron accumulation

-iron supplements, blood transfusions

30
Q

hemochromatosis

A

-mutation in HFE gene

  • iron accumulates in tissues
  • diabetes
  • hyperpigmentation
  • irreversible
31
Q

hemochromatosis treatment

A

therapeutic phlebotomy

iron chelators

32
Q

CBC and Iron

A

Hemoglobin/Hematocrit

Red cell count + RBC

33
Q

Total iron test

A

Amount of Fe3+ bound to transferrin

does not include free iron

34
Q

Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC)

A

-amount of iron that could be bound if Transferrin were saturated.

35
Q

Percent saturation

A

transferrin saturation

36
Q

Calculating transferrin (TIBC) equation

A

TIBC=Iron+UIBC

TIBC x 0.70 = Transferrin mg/dL

37
Q

% Saturation equation

A

% Saturation = (Total Iron/TIBC) * 100%

38
Q

Useful to diagnose hypochromic anemias (increased iron, protein is less saturated)

A

Transferrin

39
Q

Best Diagnostic test for Iron Deficiency Anemia (IDA)

A

Ferritin

<10ng/mL = IDA

40
Q

Ferritin is a _____ reactant

Transferrin is a _____ reactant

A
  • acute phase

- negative acute phase

41
Q

which tube for Iron tests

A

Plasma with heparin

42
Q

Diurnal variation of Iron

A

increased in AM decreased in PM

43
Q

IDA lab results

A
  • decreased iron
  • increased transferrin
  • decreased ferritin
  • decreased saturation
  • increased TIBC
44
Q

iron overdose lab findings

A
  • increased iron
  • decreased trasnferrin
  • increased ferritin
  • increased saturation
  • decreased TIBC
45
Q

hemochromatosis lab findings

-

A
  • increased iron
  • decreased trasnferrin
  • increased ferritin
  • increased saturation
  • decreased TIBCq
46
Q

malnutrition lab findings

A
  • decreased iron
  • decreased transferrin
  • decreased ferritin
  • variable saturation
  • decreased TIBC
47
Q

chronic anemia lab findings

A
  • decreased iron
  • decreased transferrin
  • increased ferritin
  • decreased saturation
  • decreased TIBC
48
Q

acute liver disease lab findings

A
  • increased iron
  • variable transferrin
  • increased ferritin
  • increased saturation
  • variable TIBC
49
Q

what are porphyrins

A

chemical intermediates in the synthesis of hemoglobin, myoglobin, and other enzymes
(pyrrole rings)

50
Q

structure of porphyrins

A

Pyrrole rings

51
Q

Iron is chelated within porphyrins to form heme

A

Protoporphyrin + Fe2+ = Heme

52
Q

where heme is synthesize

A

Mitochondira/cytoplasm in bone marrow/liver

53
Q

Enzyme deficiencies resulting in overproduction of heme precursors

A

porphyrin disorders

54
Q

porphyrias

A

disorders of porphyrin metabolism

55
Q

inherited porphyrias

A

-rare

=attacks lasting days-weeks

56
Q

acquired porphyrias

A
  • common
  • lead (most common)
  • alcohol, iron deficiency, liver/renal malfunction

MLT 203 (10 decks)

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