Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOL 205 > Porifera > Flashcards

Porifera Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 7 traits of the phylum Porifera

A
  1. Multicellular
  2. Cells are totipotent - like a stem cell, amoeba can differentiate into a specialized cell and it can also de-differentiate. Capable of recognizing other cells that aren’t theirs
  3. Asymmetrical
  4. No “true” tissues - no basement membrane. Basement membrane is a matrix of proteins that support cells and tissues
  5. Aquiferous systems
  6. Skeleton of spicules and spongin
  7. Sessile adults, mostly marine - stays in one place
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What are the synapomorphies of Porifera?

A

Aquiferous systems and the skeleton of spicules and spongin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Porifera major subgroups

A

Calcarea - has spicules are made of CaCO3. Often found in warm, shallow env. Tube-looking thing

Hexactinellida - has six-rayed spicules and is composed of silicon dioxide. Found in the deepest, coolest part of the ocean

Demospongiae - never has 6-rayed spicules, but their spicules are made of silicon dioxide Mainly spongin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

1/3 Body forms of Porifera

A

Asconoid:
Simplest body plan and sponges are usually tiny. Only consists of the calcarea type

Has porocytes, pinacocyte, mesohyl, ostium, osculum, spongocoel (atrium), and a choanoderm, which holds a layer of choanocytes

View notes for picture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

2/3 Body forms of Porifera

A

Syconoid:
Consists of the calcarea and hexactinellida type

No porocytes because these animals are too complex

Has dermal pore, choanocyte chambers, spongocoel, osculum, mesohyl, and incurrent canals (innovation)

View notes for picture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

3/3 Body forms of Porifera

A

Leuconoid:
All 3 groups (Calcarea, Hexactinellida, Demospongiae) have representatives of the leuconoid.

No porocytes

Has incurrent and excurrent canals (innovation), mesohyl, choanocyte chambers, dermal pores, sponeocoel, endo and exopinacocytes (types of pinaocytes), and osculum

View notes for picture

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

How do sponges compensate for the growth of volume as it grows in complexity?

A

The larger the sponges get, the significantly larger the volume gets. The sponges builds a larger surface area to compensate for all the cells that need nutrients

To put it in perspective: x^3 = volume; x^2 = area

The more complex they are, the more holes, canals, and chambers they need to extract nutrients and exchange gases

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Water currents and the angle of supply

A

The morphology of sponges depends on their environment

View notes for visualization

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

3 types of dermal epithelial cells

A
  1. Exopinacocytes - cells that form the external epithelium lining of a sponge
  2. Gland cells - secretes mucus. Traps and prevents viruses and bacteria inside the sponge. It’s an additional layer of protection
  3. Porocytes - ONLY IN ASCONOIDS. They’re tubular cells that make up pores to let water in
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Mesohyl

A

A type of mesenchyme. Holds cells, spicules and the mesoglea, which is the gel that holds everything

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

2 types of cells in the mesohyl

A
  1. Gametes
  2. Amoebocytes
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Myocytes

A

Contractile cells. Open/closes pores

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Chromocytes

A

Gives sponge their colour

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Sclerocytes

A

Cells that build spicules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Spongocytes

A

Builds spongin; rubbery elements

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Rhabdiferous cells

A

Build mesoglea

17
Q

Collencytes and lophocytes

A

Forms collagen. Holds spicules and creates structural integrity of the sponge

18
Q

Archaeocytes

A

They’re generalized amoeba cells. Think of them as stem cells and can differentiate

Mainly forms eggs via meiosis

Distributes nutrients across the sponge

Repairs damaged parts of the sponge

19
Q

7 amoebocytes

A

Myocytes, chromocytes, sclerocytes, spongocytes, rhabdiferous cells, collencytes and lophocytes, and archeocytes

NOTE: every cell type can revert back to archaeocytes

20
Q

2 cells that consists of the sponge’s internal lining

A
  1. Endopinacocytes - a type of cell that forms the internal lining of the canals of a sponge
  2. Choanocytes - creates currents in the aquiferous system
21
Q

Internal transport consists of:

A

Gas exchange

Excretion

Osmoregulation - ridding the body of excess water. Fresh water cells push extra water out

All of the above requires diffusion of individual cells

22
Q

Feeding of a sponge (5)

A
  1. Bacteria gets stuck in the microvilli of the collar
  2. Pseudopod reaches for the bacteria and engulfs it via phagocytosis
  3. Bacteria is brought into the cell body via phagocytosis and vacuole is formed
  4. Vacuole moves and dumps the bacteria
  5. An archaeocyte will eat the food via their pseudopods and phagocytosis. It can also donate the rest of the food to different regions of the sponge to make sure all cells are fed
23
Q

5 functions of choanocytes

A
  1. Generate H2O currents
  2. Feeding
  3. Gas exchange
  4. Become sperm - choanocytes can become spermatocytes. Male gametes come from the choanocytes while female gametes come from archaeocytes
  5. Fertilization process
24
Q

Indirect life cycle

A

Low cost/zygote
Low survival
Wide distribution (dispersal)
Low parental care

25
Q

Direct life cycle

A

High cost/zygote
High survival
Narrow distribution
High parental care

View cycle notes

26
Q

Mixed life cycle

A

Has both qualities of indirect and direct life cycle. Internal fertilization is present

View cycle notes

27
Q

Modified mix life cycle

A

A modified version of the mixed life cycle. Unlike mixed life cycle, free spawn occurs first, then internal fertilization

How? The choanocytes bring in the sperm then the sponges release the sperm

View cycle notes

28
Q

Planktotrophic larval type

A

“Plankto” meaning that plankton is the main sourve of food. No competition of space between the mom and larvae

29
Q

Lecithotrophic larval type

A

“Lecitho” meaning it feeds off yolk. Mom provides food during the larval stage

30
Q

Types reproduction of sponges

A

Asexual - fragmentation and budding. Both result in genetically identical spawns

Reduction bodies - reduction body can fall and germinate to form new sponge from the gemmule if the sponge is eaten. The new sponge is genetically identical to mom (asexual)

Sexual - most hermaphroditic. Sponges can be male or female. Some sponges can be protandric, meaning they have male sexual organs while young and female organs later in life. Self-fertilization can occur. Modified mixed development can occur too

31
Q

Smoking sponges

A

Sponges don’t have gonads, so choanocytes function to release sperm in concentrated masses making it look like it’s smoking

If the sperm is the same species as the sponge with the egg, it can reproduce with it. Choanocytes will collect the sperm

BIOL 205 (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions