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Cnidaria Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 8 traits of the phylum Cnidaria

A
  1. Diploblasty - 2 distinctive germ layers: ectoderm and endoderm
  2. Incomplete gut - only one hole. Has a GVC
  3. Epitheliomuscular cell - allows cnidarians to move. Not really muscles, but they’re like skin cells and are contractile
  4. Radial symmetry
  5. Net-like nervous system
  6. Cnidae
  7. Polpys - body plans. The medusa states are only found in medusazoa
  8. Circulation - GVC. They exchange gas by diffusion
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2
Q

3 synapomorphies of Cnidaria

A
  1. Epitheliomuscular cell
  2. Cnidae
  3. Polyps
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3
Q

Cnidae

A

Located inside a structure called cnidocyte. The nematocyst will fire a harpoon in the organism

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4
Q

Nematocysts

A

Located inside the cnidocyte cells on the tentacles. It penetrates the prey and releases toxins

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5
Q

Spirocysts

A

Sticking spaghetti noodles to entangle the prey. Specializes in animals with exoskeletons

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6
Q

Cnidaria major subgroups

A

Anthozoa - sea anemones, like corals

Medusazoa - can move and swim. Hydrozoa and Scyphozoa belong to this group

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7
Q

2 taxa of Medusazoa

A

Hydrozoa - hydroids, hydras. Prominent polyp stage where some are solitary and some are colonial. The polyp stage gives rise to an asexually produced medusa stage called the hydromedusa, which reproduces sexually. Has a mesoglea

Scyphozoa - considered the “true” jellyfish and has a prominent medusa stage. Has a mesenchyme

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8
Q

Enzymatic gland cells

A

Releases proteins/enzymes in the GVC to breakdown food

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9
Q

Mucus gland cell

A

Added layer of protection on epidermal cells

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10
Q

Operculum

A

The lid of the cnidocyte

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11
Q

Cnidocil

A

The trigger of the cnidocyte. When something brushes against it, it triggers the cnidocyte and shoots out the nematocyst

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12
Q

Hydra

A

Genus of hydrozoans. Solitary polyp freshwater. Experiments have been done to hydras that show that they have the ability to re-fashion its cells as adults. It can turn its epidermis to the gastrodermis and vice versa

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13
Q

Gonad in Hydra

A

Ectodermally derived in Hydra

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14
Q

Obelia

A

Genus of hydrozoans. Hydroids are examples. They are colonial and marine. They look like flower bouquets

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15
Q

Gastrozooid

A

Subcomponent of the obelia colony. Focused on feeding

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16
Q

Gonophore

A

A structure that will develop into a medusa

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17
Q

Gonozooid

A

For reproduction to build and bud Medusa

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18
Q

Perisarc

A

Made of chitin. Surrounds the whole colony of obelia

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19
Q

Dactylozooid

A

Used for defense. Extra long. Usually filled with nematocyst

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20
Q

Coenosarc

A

Hollow fluid-filled space that surrounds the colony that connects the zooids of a hydroid colony

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21
Q

Physalia

A

Genus of hydrozoans. Are considered the floating colony. An example is siphonophora

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22
Q

Pneumatophore

A

Covered in perisarc. A gas-filled float that helps Physalia float

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23
Q

Clonal

A

Genetically identical. Not integrated at the tissue level. Physically separated

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24
Q

Colonial

A

Genetically identical and connected at the tissue level

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25
Q

Acrorhagi

A

Located around the collar of an anemone. Filled with nematocysts to defend

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26
Q

Collar

A

Can close the opening of the anemone to protect itself. Tentacles retract

27
Q

Bump

A

Sticks to shell fragments/sand to protect itself when tide is low. Can also protect itself from other animals

28
Q

Hole

A

Where water can enter/exit

29
Q

Limbus

A

Area of the anemone that gets cut off during pedal laceration

30
Q

Sclerites

A

CaCO3 located inside animals and protects them

31
Q

Corallite

A

CaCO3 house of 1 polyp

32
Q

Corallum

A

Fusion of many corallite to make one big structure. Each corallite builds their own CaCO3 house

33
Q

Siphonoglyph

A

Pushes water in the GVC of an anemone

34
Q

Gonad in an Anemone

A

Can be testes or ovaries. Endodermally derived. The gonad is protected in the GVC. Allows them to not have to eat/produce gametes at the same time

35
Q

Retractor band of epitheliomuscle cell

A

Makes the anemone short/fat

36
Q

Radial band of epitheliomuscle cell

A

When contracted, trunk of Anemone gets short/long

37
Q

Acontia

A

Branches off mesenteries. Catches and paralyses food. Loaded with nematocysts

38
Q

Pharynx

A

Has ciliated grooves that push water

39
Q

Incomplete septum (mesentary)

A

Increases surface area for extracting nutrients

40
Q

Complete septum (mesentary)

A

Connects outside body wall to pharynx. Provides structural support

41
Q

3 types of asexual reproduction

A
  1. Budding
  2. Fission - splitting one thing into 2
  3. Pedal laceration - the cutting of the pedal disc that gives rise to a new organism
42
Q

Sexual reproduction

A

View notes for cycle

43
Q

Plankotrophic

A

In the absence of medusa, the Anthozoa uses a larval stage to distribute and move

44
Q

Lecithotrophic

A

Larval stage of Hydrozoa and Scyphozoa. Since they have a medusa stage that allows them to swim around, they can survive with yolk

45
Q

Hydromedusae

A

Have a tall and small bell

46
Q

Velum

A

Thin membrane that controls the size of the opening into the subumbrella space. Can contract or open to control the opening of the hole and assist in movement by jet propulsion

47
Q

Gonads in Hydromedusae

A

Derived from ectoderm. Can be testes or ovaries. They look long and wormy

48
Q

Manubrium

A

Cylinder of tissue holding the GVC opening. Bears the mouth at the tip. Tentacles bring food to this area to feed

49
Q

Subumbrellar space

A

Concave undersurface. Also aids in movement since it works with jet propulsion and the vellum

50
Q

Tentacular bulb

A

Sensory tissue at the base of the tentacle. It’s a concentration of receptors

51
Q

Scyphomedusae

A

Shallow bell

52
Q

Gonads in Scyphomedusae

A

Endodermally derived. Something about shutting down so they don’t eat the gonad?

53
Q

Oral arm of Scyphomedusae

A

An extension of the manubrium and captures prey and moves it into the mouth.

54
Q

Subgenital pit

A

Escape routes for gametes

55
Q

Branched radial canals

A

Distinct feature of the Scyphozoa

56
Q

Septum (also called the mesentery)

A

Divides the cavity of the Scyphomedusae

57
Q

Sensory organs of the Cnidaria

A

Tactile - sense of touch

Chemoreceptors - ability to sense chemicals, such as taste and smell

Photoreceptors - sense intensity of light

Georeceptors - senses earth’s gravitational field

58
Q

Statocyst

A

Associated with georeceptors. They’re fluid-filled organs that have highly sensitive cilia that sent signals to the brain when a rock-like thing hits the cilia. It helps with orientation and directionality

59
Q

Rhopalium (rhopalia, p.)

A

Small sensory structure found within Scyphozoa that consists of neurons that can be used to sense light. Located between a pair of lappets

60
Q

Gastrulation

A

Gut formation in Cnidaria

61
Q

Invagination

A

Pushes cells into blastocoel and the hole begins to form

62
Q

Blastopore

A

The opening to the forming gut

63
Q

Blastocoel

A

Hollow cavity

BIOL 205 (13 decks)

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