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BIOL 205 > Annelida > Flashcards

Annelida Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 9 traits of Phylum Annelida

A
  1. Bilateral protosotmes - mesoblast, 4d. Gives rise to mesoderm
  2. Segmentation - teloblastic growth; new segment forms at the posterior end
  3. Complete, regionally specialized gut
  4. Metanephridia - coelomate
  5. Closed circulatory system
  6. 2-parted heart - pre-semental
  7. Post-segmental - pygidium
  8. Parapodia - chaeta
  9. Nervous system centralized and ventral - ladder nervous system merged into one
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2
Q

What are the 3 synapomorphies of Annelida?

A
  1. 2-parted head
  2. Post-segmental - pygidium
  3. Parapodia - “side feet”. Chaeta
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3
Q

Major subgroups of Annelida - Errantia

A

Polychaeta. Move around for food

Predators and scavengers

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4
Q

Major subgroups of Annelida - Sedentary

A

Polychaeta. Tube worms

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5
Q

Major subgroups of Annelida - Clitellata

A

Crassiclitellata - terrestrial. Earthworms. No parapodia and has direct deposit feeding

Hirudinoidea - terrestrial. Leeches. They secrete something to prevent coagulation and can slurp the animal whole. No parapodia and no chaetae. Has strong heteronomy

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6
Q

What does metamerism mean? And what are the 2 types of metamerism?

A

Metamerism means the animal is segmented

  1. Homonomous - the segments of the animal are similar
  2. Heteronomous - the segments of the animal are differentiated with different functions
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7
Q

Peristomial cirri

A

Sensory organ located on the persitomium

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8
Q

Antennae

A

Sensory appendage located on the prostomium

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9
Q

Palp

A

Located on the prostomium. Functions in feeding and sensing

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10
Q

Parapodia

A

Side foot that are paired. Used for locomotion and bears chaetae

It is a biramous appendage - has 2 branches

In marine annelids, they are also used for gas exchange

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11
Q

Chaetae

A

Chitinous bristle that allows for sinusoidal movement - locomotion

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12
Q

Pygidium

A

The hind segment of the Annelid. Bears the anus

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13
Q

Nuchal region

A

Highly ciliated chemoreceptors for taste and smell. Located on the prostomium

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14
Q

Notopodium

A

Dorsal subsection of parapodium

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15
Q

Neuropodium

A

Ventral side of the parapodium, because the nervous system is on the ventral side

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16
Q

Are there any intrinsic muscles in Annelida?

A

NO. They only have extrinsic muscles, which are used to control the parapodia

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17
Q

Aciculum

A

Skeletal elements for muscles to attach

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18
Q

Trunk

A

Consists of the many segments of the Annelid. The segments are between the prostomium and pygidium

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19
Q

Clitellum in Clitellata (Crassiclitellata and Hirudinoidea)

A

Thick and non-segmented. Found in the epidermis. Used in sexual reproduction - it forms a cocoon for its eggs

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20
Q

Qualities of Hirudinoidea

A

It’s a predator leech and not parasitic

No parapodia
No chaetae
Strong heteronomy
Contains hirudin

21
Q

What does hirudin do?

A

It is a compound that’s an anti-cogulent, preventing blood from coagulating so the animal can slurp its prey

22
Q

Anatomy of Hirudinoidea

A

Oral sucker (segments 1 - 4)

Clitellum - sexual reproduction (segments 9 - 11)

Posterior sucker (segments 28 - 34)

Anus is on the dorsal side of its body near the posterior sucker

23
Q

Digestive system general parts

A

Mouth, then pharynx, then esophagus, then crop (stores food), then gizzard (functions in mechanical digestion - grinds food), then intestine (nutrient absorption), then proctodeum, then anus

24
Q

Calciferous glands

A

Removes excess calcium ions from the blood and will secrete them into the gut so it can be expelled through the anus

25
Q

Chloragogen tissue

A

Has a liver-like function. Regulates sugar content in blood and breaks down fat. Expels urea

26
Q

Typhlosole

A

Used for surface enlargement for more efficient absorption of digested nutrients

27
Q

General circulation and gas exchange

A

Has tail-to-head blood flow
Blood vessels are mesodermal origin

Dorsal blood vessel to ventral blood vessel to segmental blood vessel

28
Q

How many hearts does an earthworm have? Do they have an open or closed circulatory system?

A

5 hearts. Closed circulatory system

29
Q

Mesentary (also septum)

A

Allows for circulatory vessels and nerves to connect the main body wall to the gut

30
Q

Are earthworms coelomic?

A

Yes, they are coelomic, and it is enveloped by mesoderm, called a peritoneum

Its coelom allows them to be tough and robust

31
Q

Metanephridium

A

A type of nephridium that functions as an excretory organ to excrete urine. This is also where gametes exit

32
Q

Cuticle

A

Covers the outer body wall that helps the keep the worm moist. Secreted by the epidermis

33
Q

Longitudinal muscles

A

When it contracts, the worm becomes shorter and fatter

34
Q

Circular muscles

A

When it contracts, the worm becomes skinnier and longer

35
Q

General nervous system

A

Has a brain and a double ventral nerve cord

36
Q

Nephrostome

A

Entrance of the metanephridium orientated towards the coelom covered in cilia to push metabolic wastes inside the metanephridium

37
Q

Nephridiopore

A

External opening of the nephridium where wastes are expelled

38
Q

What do their nervous system consist of?

A

A ladder-like single, or double ventral nerve cord

Circumenteric nerve ring

Sensory receptors

39
Q

Name the 7 sensory receptors

A
  1. Tactile - touch
  2. Chemoreceptors - taste and smell (in nuchal organ)
  3. Photoreceptors - eyes
  4. Georeceptors - balance receptors
  5. Phonoreceptors - sound
  6. Proprioceptors - stretch receptors. Are aware of the different parts of the body and know where they are without seeing them
  7. Thermoreceptors - temperature receptors
40
Q

3 types of asexual reproduction

A
  1. Regeneration
  2. Bud-like outgrowths. Identical clones of the animal will grow and pop off when they are mature
  3. Isolated fragments - new individuals will form and will pop off when mature. The oldest individual is most posterior, and the youngest is nearest the parent posterior
41
Q

4 types of sexual reproduction

A
  1. Errantia and Sedentaria: mostly dioecious. Gametes come from peritoneoum
  2. Clitellata: hermaphrodites. Complex and permanent reproductive systems
  3. Gamete formation
  4. Epitoke - portion will pop off depending on environment
42
Q

Brooding

A

Mixed indirect reproductive process where the mother will take care of the eggs until they’re mature and pop off

43
Q

Stereoblastula

A

When it undergoes gastrulation, a stereogastrulation results

44
Q

Epiboly

A

Process of the ectodermal layer migrating to cover the ball of cells

45
Q

Prostomium and peristomium

A

Prosotmium - the head portion of the annelid. Where the brain is located

Peristomium - the second segment behind the head portion (prostomium). Mouth is located here

46
Q

Apical sense organ

A

Will become the brain and will develop into the prostomium

47
Q

Prototroch

A

Develops into the peristomium

48
Q

Telotroch of the trochophore larva

A

Very posterior end

49
Q

Polytroch larva

A

Stage where teloblastic growth occurs and the hollowing out of the mesoderm

BIOL 205 (13 decks)

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