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BIOL 205 > Echinodermata > Flashcards

Echinodermata Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 9 traits of Phylum Echinodermata

A
  1. Coelomate deuterostomes
  2. Symmetry - pentaradial
  3. Decentralized nervous system
  4. Complete gut - blastopore becomes the anus, not the mouth. They have a perivisceral coelom around their gut
  5. Mesodermal endoskeleton - built from ossicles (porous) of CaCO3
  6. Water vascular system - true coelom
  7. Hemal system - coelom
  8. No excretory system - lack of the excretory system may be why they’re only marine
  9. All marine (mostly benthic)
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2
Q

What is one synapomorphy of Echinodermata?

A
  1. Mesodermal endoskeleton
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3
Q

What are the 5 major subgroups of Echinodermata?

A
  1. Crinoidea - feather stars and sea lilies
  2. Ophiuroidea - brittle stars and basket stars
  3. Asteroidea - sea stars; predatory
  4. Echinoidea - urchins and sand dollars
  5. Holothuroidea - sea cucumbers
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4
Q

Crinoidea - tube feet

A

no suckers, just flesh and sticky tissue. It facilitates gas exchange and catches food

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5
Q

Crinoidea - ciliated grooves

A

allows for food flow from the tube foot to the ciliates grooves, to the mouth

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6
Q

Crinoidea - pinnules

A

side branches (more SA)

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7
Q

Crinoidea - calyx

A

contains the gut

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8
Q

Crinoidea - cirri

A

thin, noodly-like extension from the body

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9
Q

Do Crinoidea have any gonads or suckers?

A

No

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10
Q

Ophiuroidea

A

they are selective deposit feeders that use tube feet to feed. Basket starts are predatory

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11
Q

Ophiuroidea - branches

A

these branches create intense complexity because it creates tons of SA

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12
Q

Ophiuroidea - madreporite

A

located on the oral side of the animal. Allows sea water to be exchange in the water vascular system

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13
Q

Ophiuroidea - bursal slit

A

highly ciliated chamber that allows H2O to enter/exit. Allows for gas exchange

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14
Q

Ophiuroidea - vertebra

A

CaCO3 ossicles for structural support

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15
Q

Ophiuroidea - tube foot

A

sticky and ciliated

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16
Q

Do Ophiuroidea have suckers and a complete gut?

A

they don’t have suckers and they don’t have a complete gut. They have an incomplete gut because their anus is lost

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17
Q

Echinoidea - madreporite

A

pressure radiation. It adjusts H2O pressure

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18
Q

Echinoidea - movable spine

A

protects itself by wedging itself into tight spaces, therefore, the long spines must be movable. Their shorter spines are fixed

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19
Q

Echinoidea - ambulacral region

A

region where there are tube feet

20
Q

Echinoidea - ocular plate

A

optical tube foot

21
Q

Echinoidea - genital plate

A

this is where the gonopore is located. One of the genital plates function as the madreporite

22
Q

Echinoidea - interambulacral region

A

regions without tube feet

23
Q

Echinoidea - stone canal

A

connects the ring canal to the madreporite. Helps regulate liquid fluid and is a part of the water vascular system. Reinforced with CaCO3

24
Q

Echinoidea - ring canal and radial canal

A

there are 5 radial canals that are connected to the ring canal

25
Q

Echinoidea - mouth

A

Aristotle’s latern. Used for biting

26
Q

Holothuroidea - tentacles and tube foot

A

modified foot used for feeding. Captures food and brings it to the mouth

has tube feet

27
Q

Holothuroidea - madreporite and stone canal

A

their madreporite is internal. Their stone canal connects the madreporite to the ring canal

28
Q

Holothuroidea - polian vesicle

A

maintain pressure in the system and hold reserve supplies of fluid

29
Q

Holothuroidea - ring canal and radial canal

A

has 5 radial canals connected to the ring canal

30
Q

Holothuroidea - viscera

A

contains the internal organs

31
Q

Holothuroidea - cuvierian tubules

A

defense mechanism that protects their anus from potential predators (tropical adaptation)

32
Q

Holothuroidea - respiratory tree

A

used for gas exchange

33
Q

Asteroidea - polian vesicles

A

reserve of water for when the animal withdraws their tube feet

34
Q

Asteroidea - ring canal and radial canal

A

there are 5 radial canals connected to the ring canal

35
Q

Asteroidea - gonads

A

they have 10 gonads in total

36
Q

Asteroidea - medreporite and stone canal

A

stone canal connects the ring canal to the madreporite. The madreporite is connected to the interamulacral region

37
Q

Asteroidea - madreporite and stone canal

A

stone canal connects the ring canal to the madreporite. The madreporite is in the interambulacral region

the madreporite acts as a water filter and supplied water to the water vascular system to move

38
Q

Asteroidea - gonopore

A

if male, it’ll spray sperm through the male gonopore. Females will release eggs here

39
Q

Asteroidea - sceptical tube foot

A

senses light

40
Q

Asteroidea - dermal gill

A

releases CO2 and NH3, and takes up O2. Functions in gas exchange

41
Q

Asteroidea - perivisceral coelom

A

completely enveloped in mesoderm, therefore, it’s a true coelom

42
Q

Asteroidea - peritoneum

A

mesodermally derived and envelopes the internal organs. It’s like a sac

43
Q

Asteroidea - digestive gland (pyloric cecum)

A

releases enzymes and absorbs nutrients from food

44
Q

Feeding and digestion of each subgroup

A
  1. Echinoids: grazers, suspension feeders, selective deposit feeders
  2. Holothuroids: suspension feeders, selective deposit feeders, direct deposit feeders
  3. Ophiuroids: selective deposit feeders, predators
  4. Crinoids: suspension feeders
  5. Asteroids: predators, scavengers, detritus feeders, suspension feeders
45
Q

Gas exchange of each subgroup

A

asteroids and echinoids use dermal gills

holothuroids use their respiratory tree

Ophiuroids use their bursae

BIOL 205 (13 decks)

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