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BIOL 205 > Arthropoda > Flashcards

Arthropoda Flashcards

1
Q

Name the 13 traits of Phylum Arthropoda

A
  1. Segmented protostomes with teloblastic growth
  2. Strong heteronomy - has tagma
  3. Complete gut
  4. Modified metanephridia
  5. Adult coelom greatly reduces - has an endsac
  6. Open circulatory system - hemocoel
  7. Their heart is dorsal and ostiate
  8. Thick cuticle - sclerites
  9. Molting process - ecdysis
  10. Jointed appendages with intrinsic musculature
  11. Annelid-like nervous system - compound eye
  12. No functional cilia - cilia is lost
  13. Intersegmental muscle bands (not sheets) - no circular muscles
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2
Q

What are the 3 synapomorphies of Arthropoda?

A
  1. Thick cuticle
  2. Jointed appendages with intrinsic musculature
  3. Compound eye
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3
Q

What are the 5 major subgroups of Arthropoda?

A
  1. Trilobitomorpha - trilobites. Extinct
  2. Crustacea - example of a paraphyletic group - ancestors and some of its descendants
  3. Cheliceriformes - liquid feeders (spiders, mites, scoprions, etc.)
  4. Hexapoda - six legs (insects, etc.)
  5. Myriapoda - centipedes (100) and millipedes (1000)
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4
Q

Pleopods

A

Swimming appendage located on the abdomen of a Crustacea

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5
Q

Pereiopods

A

Walking appendage located on the thorax of a Crustacea

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6
Q

Maxillipeds

A

Function for feeding. Pass food to the mouth

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7
Q

Maxilla - 2 pairs

A

Holds food, tears it, then passes it onto the mouth

Second pair helps draw water over the gills

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8
Q

Mandible

A

Used to crush and hold food

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9
Q

Antennae (second antenna)

A

Usually longer than the antennules. Tactile and chemoreceptor

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10
Q

Antennule (first antenna)

A

Tactile and chemoreceptor

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11
Q

What forms the tail fan of a crustacean?

A

Uropod and telson (which bears the anus)

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12
Q

Carapace

A

projects backwards from the head and covers all of the thorax and protects the crustacean’s gills

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13
Q

Chelicerae

A

Fangs

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14
Q

Pedipalps

A

Like a finger - used for touch, tasting, and manipulating

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15
Q

Pedipalp

A

Contains pores that have venom

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16
Q

Chelicera

A

Venom glands

17
Q

Pedicel

A

Distributed weight more efficiently

18
Q

Silk glands

A

Produces silk fibers for attachment

19
Q

Spinneret

A

Unique, modified appendage that produces silk

20
Q

Sensillae

A

An extension of the cuticle for chemo and tactile sensing

21
Q

2 major tagma of a spider

A
  1. Prosoma (cephalothorax)
  2. Opisthosoma (abdomen)
22
Q

Book lungs

A

For gas exchange in spiders

23
Q

Ocullus

A

keeps track of circadian rhythm and day lengths

24
Q

Spriacles

A

Gas exchange structures. They breath through these holes

25
Q

Tympanum

A

vibrates when sound hits it

26
Q

Labrum in insects

A

Helps hold food in position when feeding

27
Q

Gas exchange in insects

A

There are no hemolymph intermediates

28
Q

Articular membrane

A

Thin cuticle for movement

29
Q

Pleurite

A

Chitinous plates at the side of arthropods

30
Q

Tergite

A

Dorsal chitinous plate of the arthropod

31
Q

Sternite

A

Ventral chitinous plate of the arthropod

32
Q

How do chelicerates, hexapods, and crustaceans feed when they have no functional cilia?

A

Chelicerates - liquid feeders

Hexapods - biters and chewers, suckers, piercers, spongers

Crustaceans - biters/chewers, piercers/suckers, lickers, suspension feeders

33
Q

Function of the Malpighian tubules and how do they differ in chelicerates and hexapods?

A

Malpighian tubules are branchy and function as an excretory system

In chelicerates, they are endodermally derived
In hexapods, they are ectodermally derived

34
Q

Hepatopancreas

A

Also known as the cecum, it is the liver-pancreas. Excretory system

35
Q

Circulatory system

A

Open. Has hemolymph consisting of:

Hemocyanin - respiratory pigment (copper-based)

Cells - amoebocytes: their immune system. Similar to our white blood cells

     - Explosion cells: injury prevention system; similar to our platelets
36
Q

Pericardium

A

Bag around the heart. Analagous to our heart chamber

37
Q

How does hemolymph enter and exit the heart and arteries?

A

The volume inside the heart will make a vacuum by the relaxation of muscles, thereby bringing the hemolymph in

38
Q

Excretory system of crustaceans

A

Have a modified, closed, metanephridia. They have an end sac, called the peritoneum

They have a labyrinth that creates fluid flow to push through and gets rid of water

Path: endsac, nephrostome, nephridioduct, bladder, metaphridiopore

Excretes water and ammonia

39
Q

Excretory system of hexapods and chelicerates

A

Malpighian tubules. Gets rid of uric acid (ammonia) as a solid. Spiders and insects don’t urinate

BIOL 205 (13 decks)

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