Porcine skin disease

Question 1

What skin diseases cause cyanotic scabs?

Answer 1

1. Erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

2. porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome (PCV2)

Question 2

What skin disease causes crusts, scales and grease?

Answer 2

exudative epidermatitis

Question 3

What causes puriritic skin dz in pigs?

Answer 3

sarcoptic mange

Question 4

What percentage of healthy swine are carriers of erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae?

Answer 4

30-50%

Question 5

What is the epidemiology of erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae?

Answer 5

1. resistant to drying
2. susceptible to common disinfectants
3. remains viable for months in animal tissues
4. infected swine shed profusely

Question 6

What is the susceptibility to erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae

Answer 6

passive antibody protective

all ages susceptible

Question 7

What are the clinical signs of erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae?

Answer 7

1. found dead
2. pyrexia!!
3. diamond skin disease
   widespread ischemic necrosis (severe)

Question 8

What is an indication that a skin area will devleop ischemic necrosis?

Answer 8

pitting edema, piloerection

Question 9

What can baby pigs get with erysipelothirx?

Answer 9

peracute septicemia (not seen that commonly)

Question 10

What are chronic signs of erysipelothrix rhusioopathiae?

Answer 10

1. chronic arthritis

2. chronic endocarditis

Question 11

What are the features of chronic arhtritis due to erysipelothrix?

Answer 11

acute synovitis
villonodular hypertrophy
fibrosis and destruction of articular cartilage

Question 12

What are the features of chronic endocarditis?

Answer 12

myocardial infarcts
vegetative valvular endocarditis
cardiac insufficiency

Question 13

What are the lesions of chronic arthritis due to erysipelothrix rhusiopathiae?

Answer 13

villonodular hypertrophy

Question 14

What is the pathogenesis of erysipelothirx rhusiopathiae?

Answer 14

short incubation
vasculitis-->fibrinous thrombosis
nonsuppurative arthritis
septicemia in parenchyma organs
necrotizing dermatiits
chronic valvular endocarditis

Question 15

How is erysipelothrix diagnosed?

Answer 15

bacterial culture
peracute/acute: systemic sites, blood culture, acute skin lesions
chronic: synovial tissue, endocarditisd

Question 16

how is erysipelothrix treated?

Answer 16

1. antimicrobial treatment

Question 17

How is erysipelothrix controlled?

Answer 17

1. hygiene and sanitation (shed profusely, killed by disinfectants)
2. vaccination (also do in face of outbreak, not useful for chornic?)

Question 18

What is the etiology of porcine dermatitis and nephropathy

Answer 18

associated with PCV2/PCVAD

Question 19

What must porcine dermatitis and nephropathy lesions be differentiated from?

Answer 19

1. other septicemias
2. classical swine fever (kidney)
3. erysipelas (skin)

Question 20

What are clinical signs of porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome?

Answer 20

grow finish and young adults
peracaute: found dead
skin lesions, severe systemic disease
or mild localized with spontaneous recovery
(coalescing lesions)

Question 21

What is the pathogenesis of porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome?

Answer 21

necrotizing vasculitis-skin and kidney
type 3 sensitivity involving immune complex deposition
associated with GLOMERULONEPHRITIS

Question 22

What is the pathology of porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome?

Answer 22

skin: red/purple, irregular
kidney: enlarged, mottled, petechial hemorrhages
if systemic then serous effusions, petechial ecchymotic hemorrhages

Question 23

What are two exotic diseases that can present similar signs to porcine dermatitis and nephropathy syndrome?

Answer 23

classical swine fever
african swine fever
however with these there is fevere, no kidney dz, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia

Question 24

is sarcoptic mange common in the commercial industry?

Answer 24

no

Question 25

What does sarcoptic mange predispose to?

Answer 25

greasy pig disease

Question 26

Is sarcoptic mange potentially zoonotic?

Answer 26

yes (human dead end host)

Question 27

What are the clinical signs of sarcoptic mange?

Answer 27

lesions 3wks post contact
puritis
erythematous papaule (hypersensitivity)
small encrustations
if chronic then excessive keratinization
aural hematomas

Question 28

How is sarcoptic mange diagnosed?

Answer 28

skin scraping

potassium promide–exoskeleton of mite (ear canal)

Question 29

How is sarcoptes treated?

Answer 29

topical insecticides-not many left

ivermectin/dectomax

Question 30

How is sarcoptes eliminated form the herd?

Answer 30

cull chronic
ivomec
sanitation

Question 31

What is the etiology of greasy pig? (exudative epidermatitis)

Answer 31

staphylococcus hyicus

Question 32

Where is staphyloccus hyicus found?

Answer 32

normal flora of skin

Question 33

What does s hyicus produce?

Answer 33

exfoliative toxin

Question 34

What is the epidemiology of staph hyicus?

Answer 34

infection at birth or later
develop resistance with age
generally individual pigs
outbreaks can occur at start ups
abrasions/skin wounds proide opportuinty to enter

Question 35

What are the clinical signs of greasy pig dz?

Answer 35

suckling pigs acute generalized infection. low morbildity but high mortality
in nursery pigs and older it is localized, focal.

Question 36

Why do young pigs with generalized greasy pig dz die?

Answer 36

breached skin barrier, die of infection of septicemia

Question 37

What is the treatment for greasy pig disease?

Answer 37

parenteral antibiotics

shampoos etc