Bacterial Septicemias of pigs

Question 1

What are two diseases that cause bacterial septicemias in pigs?

Answer 1

1. streptococcus suis

2. haemophilus parasuis

Question 2

How many serotypes of strep suis are there?

Answer 2

35

Question 3

What is the most common serotype of streptococcus suis?

Answer 3

type 2

Question 4

Is type 2 streptococcus suis zoonotic?

Answer 4

yes

Question 5

What is the carrier state of streptococcus suis in sows?

Answer 5

near 100%

Question 6

What does streptococcus suis (mostly type 2) cause in people?

Answer 6

1. meningitis

2. deafness

Question 7

How are people infected with strep suis?

Answer 7

through skin wounds

Question 8

What is the epidemiology of strep suis?

Answer 8

1. normal commensal (URT)
2. many species are reservoirs
3. long survival in environment
4. virulence varies with serotype
5. sow-piglet transmission
6. pig-pig transmission

Question 9

How do sows transfer strep suis to their offspring?ritis, valvular endocarditis

Answer 9

via genital tract

via respiratory

Question 10

What is the onset of disease with strep suis?

Answer 10

5-10wks (nursery, grower)

Question 11

What are the clinical signs of strep suis?

Answer 11

1. peracute: found dead
2. acute: polyserositis, meningitis–neuro signs
3. chronic: arthritis, valvular endocarditis

Question 12

What is the pathogenesis streptococcus suis meningitis?

Answer 12

1. invade BBB endothelial cells
2. inflammation
3. leakiness of BBB
4. septic meningitis
5. leakage of plasma protein
6. cerebral edema

Question 13

What is the pathology of strep suis meningitis?

Answer 13

protrusions of cerebral vermis

can sometimes see suppurative material ventrally

Question 14

What is the pathogenesis of sepsis (strep suis?)

Answer 14

1. invasion of tonsil/nasal cavity
2. ineffective humoral immunity
3. bacteremia–>localization or release of inflam cytokines
4. septic shock

Question 15

How is strep suis diagnosed?

Answer 15

1. convulsions, other signs

2. culture, serotyping

Question 16

What is the most common cause of pleural adhesions and pericarditis on modern farms?

Answer 16

strep suis

Question 17

How is strep suis meningitis treated and controlled?

Answer 17

1. prompt recognition
2. antimicrobials
3. parenteral anti-inflammatories (predef)

Question 18

How is strep suis sepsis treated and controlled?

Answer 18

1. mass antimicrobial

2. control precipitating stress

Question 19

Is vaccination effective for contorl of strep suis sepsis?

Answer 19

NO. do not produce sufficient IgG, must be serotype specific

Question 20

What causes glasser’s disease?

Answer 20

haemophilus parasuis

Question 21

What is Glasser’s disease?

Answer 21

porcine polyserositis and arthritis
a disease of intensification
can cause acute explosive outbreaks in naive farms

Question 22

How many serotypes of Glasser’s disease are there?

Answer 22

15 serotypes
many untypable serotypes
some are normal flora

Question 23

What are the criteria such that an isolation of haemophilus parasuis is considered biologically significant?

Answer 23

be from clinical animal and lesionsal tissue!

Question 24

What are the most virulent serotypes for haemophilus parasuis?

Answer 24

4, 5, 13

Question 25

What serotypes of haemophilus parasuis are covered in the vaccine?

Answer 25

4 | 5

Question 26

What is the pathogenesis of haemophilus parasuis?

Answer 26

1. early colonizer of nasal cavity (nonpathogenic) 2. ultrashort incubation following infection with virulent strain 3. poor cross protection 4. epithelial invasion, purulent rhinitis, septicemia 5. fibrinosuppurative polyserositis 6. DIC (peracute)

Question 27

What are the clinical signs of haemophils parasuis?

Answer 27

1. peracute: found dead 2. acute: convulsions, joint swelling and pain 3. chronic: lameness, coughing, dyspnea, weight loss

Question 28

What is the pathology of haemophilus parasuis?

Answer 28

``` fibrinosuppurative exudate (bread and butter) on single or multiple serosal surfaces ```

Question 29

How is haemophilus parasuis diagnosed

Answer 29

1. serotyping (many untypable) 2. serology--sertype specific ELISA 3. DNA fingerprinting

Question 30

What is the use of haemophilus parasuis DNA fingerprinting? What is a shortcoming?

Answer 30

if don't know what should have in a vaccine--put all serotypes collected from diseased pigs in the vaccines a shortcoming is that says nothing about virulence

Question 31

What is the treatment and control of haemophilus parasuis?

Answer 31

1. antimicrobial treatment (parenteral, water and feed--must ensure get enough!!))

Question 32

How is haemophilus parasuis prevented?

Answer 32

vaccines EFFECTIVE cross protection better with avirulent live autogenous only way to know that have serotypes for the farm