Avian influenza and new castle disease

Question 1

what are the signs of avian influenza?

Answer 1

repiratory signs, depression, reduced food and water intake, reduced egg production

Question 2

What are the two pathotypes of avian influenza?

Answer 2

low path AI and high path AI

Question 3

What species can avian influenza occur in?

Answer 3

all birds species

Question 4

What is avian influenza caused by?

Answer 4

a type A influenza virus

Question 5

What are the two important surface antigens of influenza viruses?

Answer 5

hemagglutinin, neuraminidase

Question 6

How are low path and high path AI differentiated?

Answer 6

By inoculating susceptible chickens. HPAI causes death in 6/8 or more while LPAI do not result in death

Question 7

All HPAI outbreaks so far have been what??

Answer 7

H5 or H7

Question 8

How can avian influenza by removed from the environment?

Answer 8

detergents, disinfectant and heat

Question 9

What animals are the natural reservoir for avian influenza?

Answer 9

wild waterfowl–can be asymptomatic, shed for long time

shorebirds

Question 10

What are two man-made reservoirs for avian influenza?

Answer 10

1. live bird markets

2. commercial swine facilities

Question 11

What is the problem with live bird markets?

Answer 11

Focal part for gathering many species

not cleaned or depopulated–continuous supply

Question 12

Is there egg transmission with AI?

Answer 12

no

Question 13

What are the clinical signs of LPAI outbreaks?

Answer 13

1. respiratory disease (coughing, seezing, rales, lacrimation, sinusitis)
   variable mortality, morbidity

Question 14

What ar the signs of HPAI outbreaks?

Answer 14

1. death
2. sudden, short disease. signs may involve resp, enteric or nervous system: diarrhea, edema of the head and face, or nervous disorders

Question 15

What are the lesions of LPAI?

Answer 15

mild to moderate inflam of trachea, siuses, air sacs, conjunctiva
ovarian atresia

Question 16

What are the lesions of HPAI infection?

Answer 16

extensive, severe
fibrinous eudates on air sacs, oviduct, pericardial sac, or peritoneum. may have foci of necrosis. SIGNS OF VASCULAR DAMAGE–cyanosis and edem of head, ulceration of comb, edema of feet, petechiation etc

Question 17

How is avian influenza diagnosed?

Answer 17

Clinical signs, lesions, history

confirmation with serology and virus detection

Question 18

How is LPAI prevented?

Answer 18

prevent exposure to influenza virus via contact with waterfowl, shorebirds, live bird markets, swine farms

Question 19

How is avian influenza controlled?

Answer 19

1. biosecurity
2. serologic monitoring
3. vaccination once the subtype IDed in an outbrea

Question 20

Is avian influenza zoonotic?

Answer 20

Infection of humans rare but can happen

Question 21

What is newcastle disease?

Answer 21

a viral disease of many kinds of birds. It has lentogenic, mesogenic and velogenic strains that cause different clinical signs

Question 22

What are the signs associated with lentogenic strains of newcastle disease?

Answer 22

little or no signs

Question 23

What are the signs associated with mesogenic strains?

Answer 23

1. resp signs, CNS signs, high mortality

2. sudden drop in egg production, low mortality in layers

Question 24

What are the signs associated with velogenic strains?

Answer 24

Marked respiratory signs–dyspnea, diarrhea, paralysis, death

Question 25

What is the OIE definition of new castle disease?

Answer 25

an inection of poultry caused by an avian strain of paramyxovius 1 with an intracerebral pathogenicity index in day old chicks greater than 0.7

Question 26

What is the occurance of new castle disease?

Answer 26

in chickens, sometimes turkeys. ALL age groups susceptible

Question 27

Is new castle disease zoonotic?

Answer 27

humans in contact with disease for first time can develop localized eye infection conjunctivitis

Question 28

How can new casatle disease be spread?

Answer 28

Infected birds birds including wild birds. Excretions (aerosols and feces) and can contaminate tools, clothing ec

Question 29

What are the lesions with lentogenic and mesogenic new castle disease?

Answer 29

minimal. may have mild airsacculitis, conjunctivits, tracheitis.

Question 30

What are the lesions with velogenic new castle disease?

Answer 30

1. hemorrhage and necrosis of trachea, inflammation of airsacs 2. hemorrhagic or focal necrotic lesions in mucosa of digestive tractu, often the lymphoid tissue--cecal tonsils are often encrotic and hemorrhagic. sometimes hemorrhages in proventriculus etc

Question 31

How is new castle disease diagnosed?

Answer 31

1. history 2. signs 3. lesions 4. lab confirmation

Question 32

What is the control for new castle disease

Answer 32

1. immunization. does not prevent virus repllication and shed

Question 33

Is new castle disease reportable?

Answer 33

yes