Infectious neurogical disease of the upper brain in cattle

Question 1

What are the clinical signs of rabies in cattle?

Answer 1

1. salivation
2. bellowing
3. aggressiveness
4. paresis/paralysis

Question 2

What is the progression of rabies in cattle?

Answer 2

rapid final progression 2-3 days from onset of signs. TRIGGER TO THINK OF RABIES! getting worse by hour

Question 3

What are the most common vectors of rabies in canada?

Answer 3

1. skunk

2. racoon

Question 4

What is the incubation period of rabies?

Answer 4

2 weeks to months

Question 5

How long is the clinical course of rabies?

Answer 5

5 days

Question 6

What is the major vector of rabies in central america

Answer 6

vampire bat

Question 7

What should you do if you suspect rabies

Answer 7

no longer a reportable disease to CFIA
Provincial responsibility
Contact public health
Isolate and observe animal
After death or euthanasia: Get brain and give to CFIA--if likelihood of human exposure (if not then to PDS)

Question 8

What is aujeszky’s disease?

Answer 8

swine herpes virus 1 that is shed in nasal secretions of the pig. if it gets innoculated into a wound on the bovine, get a very nasty disease with extreme pruritis, fever and death

Question 9

What is pseudorabies?

Answer 9

aujeszky’s disease

Question 10

If you have pigs and cattle on the same farm and a weird cow, think of what

Answer 10

aujeszky’s dz

Question 11

When do you see meningitis in neonatal cavles?

Answer 11

with failure of passive transfer
depressed
recumbent
opsithotonus
septicemic usually

Question 12

What is one of the most useful diagnostic tests for calves that seem to have meningitis?

Answer 12

plasma:

Question 13

How is meningitis treated?

Answer 13

high dose antimicrobials (bactericidal, high Vd)
steroids–increased inflam with bacteria death
blood transfusion

Question 14

What animals gets pituitary abscesses?

Answer 14

adult cattle

Question 15

Why do cattle get pituitary abscesses?

Answer 15

bacteria can easily localized in the region of the pituitary (portal system that has low pressure–bacteria can settle out)

Question 16

What are the signs of pituitary abscess?

Answer 16

1. open mouth
2. protruding tongue
3. blind-pressure on optic chiasm
4. decreased milk production–hormones gone

Question 17

What can you do for pituitary

Answer 17

not much

prolonged antibiotics but prognosis poor!!

Question 18

What are the signs of listeria?

Answer 18

head tilt
circling
unilateral facial paralysisi

Question 19

What causes listeria?

Answer 19

listeria monocytogenes

Question 20

Where is listeria mostly found?

Answer 20

low quality silage

Question 21

How does listeria get to the brain??

Answer 21

virus enters gingiva
ascends to brain stem through CN-V
microabscess formation CN VII and VIII

Question 22

What is the treatment for listeria?

Answer 22

prolonged antibiotics (penicillin, oxytetracylcien)

Question 23

How does histophilus somni cause neurological disease?

Answer 23

damage to vascular endothelium results in thrombosis of brain tissue

Question 24

What are the clinical signs of histophilus somni

Answer 24

sleepy calf

sudden death

Question 25

How is histophilus somni neuro dz treated?

Answer 25

early antibiotic

Question 26

Does the vaccine work for histophilus somni neuro dz?

Answer 26

unproven. neuro form is no longer common

Question 27

What is nervous coccidiosis?

Answer 27

a bizarre form of neurological disease associated with coccidiosis

Question 28

Why have we seen some tetanus outbreaks?

Answer 28

tetanus has been taken out of many vaccines

Question 29

What do you need to have botulism??

Answer 29

basically meat in fermented feed | or ducks dying of botulism in a pond and cattle dying

Question 30

What does botulism cause?

Answer 30

progressive paralysis, starting with head.

Question 31

In the case of a botulism outbreak, whaat do you need to do?

Answer 31

type the botulism, get antisera

Question 32

What does botulism look like?

Answer 32

hypokalemia

Question 33

When can hypokalemia occur in cattle?

Answer 33

When farmers give corticosteroids after calving to prevent nervous ketosis. But also mimics aldosterone (mineralocorticoids) and kidneys retain sodium and get rid of potassium

Question 34

Why might a vet get called out for lightening strike?

Answer 34

because may be covered under insurance. very hard to diagnose. only thing you can do is look on head or back through hide may find a burn mark or may find a burn mark at the bottom of when of the legs--grounded Can also skin hide off--hemorrhagic area

Question 35

Why can you get cattle electrocution?

Answer 35

wonky wiring, stray voltage

Question 36

What are signs of heritable disorders in cattle?

Answer 36

typically born normal with onset of clinical signs at a specific age

Question 37

What is BSE?

Answer 37

progressive death of braincells in cattle

Question 38

What is a prion disease?

Answer 38

a group of related diseases (TSEs) characterized by specific damage t the brain long incubation period

Question 39

What are examples of prion disease?

Answer 39

1. scrapie--sheep 2. CWD--elk, deer 3. TME--mink 4. CJD--humans (creutzfeld jacob dz--multiple diseases)

Question 40

What are types of creutzfeld jacob diz?

Answer 40

1 random--older people 2. inherited (FFI, GSS) 3. Kuru--papua new guinea

Question 41

What are prions?

Answer 41

proteinaceous unfectious particle natural uninfectious prion protein found in cells of normal animals infectious prion folded in abnormal shape change in shape makes it very stable

Question 42

What is the pathogenesis of prion dz?

Answer 42

makes its way to brain | the infectious prion slowly changes normal prion into infectious prion. they bind together to form microscopic fibers

Question 43

How do you diagnose BSE?

Answer 43

histopathology electron microscopy monoclonal antibody most common break down the brain and have all protein break down and then look for prion (survives process)--faster

Question 44

What do you need for diagnosis?

Answer 44

back of foramen magnum

Question 45

What does BSE look like?

Answer 45

``` three key groups of signs 1. nervousness 2. aggression 3. problems walking (eventually become downers) excessive muzzle licking don't like steps or doorways ```

Question 46

Nearly all cases of BSE have been seen in what animals?

Answer 46

dairy