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Food animal production > Infectious neurogical disease of the upper brain in cattle > Flashcards

Infectious neurogical disease of the upper brain in cattle Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the clinical signs of rabies in cattle?

A
  1. salivation
  2. bellowing
  3. aggressiveness
  4. paresis/paralysis
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2
Q

What is the progression of rabies in cattle?

A

rapid final progression 2-3 days from onset of signs. TRIGGER TO THINK OF RABIES! getting worse by hour

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3
Q

What are the most common vectors of rabies in canada?

A
  1. skunk

2. racoon

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4
Q

What is the incubation period of rabies?

A

2 weeks to months

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5
Q

How long is the clinical course of rabies?

A

5 days

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6
Q

What is the major vector of rabies in central america

A

vampire bat

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7
Q

What should you do if you suspect rabies

A 
no longer a reportable disease to CFIA
Provincial responsibility
Contact public health
Isolate and observe animal
After death or euthanasia: Get brain and give to CFIA--if likelihood of human exposure (if not then to PDS)
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8
Q

What is aujeszky’s disease?

A

swine herpes virus 1 that is shed in nasal secretions of the pig. if it gets innoculated into a wound on the bovine, get a very nasty disease with extreme pruritis, fever and death

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9
Q

What is pseudorabies?

A

aujeszky’s disease

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10
Q

If you have pigs and cattle on the same farm and a weird cow, think of what

A

aujeszky’s dz

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11
Q

When do you see meningitis in neonatal cavles?

A 
with failure of passive transfer
depressed
recumbent
opsithotonus
septicemic usually
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12
Q

What is one of the most useful diagnostic tests for calves that seem to have meningitis?

A

plasma:

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13
Q

How is meningitis treated?

A

high dose antimicrobials (bactericidal, high Vd)
steroids–increased inflam with bacteria death
blood transfusion

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14
Q

What animals gets pituitary abscesses?

A

adult cattle

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15
Q

Why do cattle get pituitary abscesses?

A

bacteria can easily localized in the region of the pituitary (portal system that has low pressure–bacteria can settle out)

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16
Q

What are the signs of pituitary abscess?

A
  1. open mouth
  2. protruding tongue
  3. blind-pressure on optic chiasm
  4. decreased milk production–hormones gone
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17
Q

What can you do for pituitary

A

not much

prolonged antibiotics but prognosis poor!!

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18
Q

What are the signs of listeria?

A

head tilt
circling
unilateral facial paralysisi

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19
Q

What causes listeria?

A

listeria monocytogenes

20
Q

Where is listeria mostly found?

A

low quality silage

21
Q

How does listeria get to the brain??

A

virus enters gingiva
ascends to brain stem through CN-V
microabscess formation CN VII and VIII

22
Q

What is the treatment for listeria?

A

prolonged antibiotics (penicillin, oxytetracylcien)

23
Q

How does histophilus somni cause neurological disease?

A

damage to vascular endothelium results in thrombosis of brain tissue

24
Q

What are the clinical signs of histophilus somni

A

sleepy calf

sudden death

25
Q

How is histophilus somni neuro dz treated?

A

early antibiotic

26
Q

Does the vaccine work for histophilus somni neuro dz?

A

unproven. neuro form is no longer common

27
Q

What is nervous coccidiosis?

A

a bizarre form of neurological disease associated with coccidiosis

28
Q

Why have we seen some tetanus outbreaks?

A

tetanus has been taken out of many vaccines

29
Q

What do you need to have botulism??

A

basically meat in fermented feed

or ducks dying of botulism in a pond and cattle dying

30
Q

What does botulism cause?

A

progressive paralysis, starting with head.

31
Q

In the case of a botulism outbreak, whaat do you need to do?

A

type the botulism, get antisera

32
Q

What does botulism look like?

A

hypokalemia

33
Q

When can hypokalemia occur in cattle?

A

When farmers give corticosteroids after calving to prevent nervous ketosis. But also mimics aldosterone (mineralocorticoids) and kidneys retain sodium and get rid of potassium

34
Q

Why might a vet get called out for lightening strike?

A

because may be covered under insurance. very hard to diagnose. only thing you can do is look on head or back through hide may find a burn mark or may find a burn mark at the bottom of when of the legs–grounded
Can also skin hide off–hemorrhagic area

35
Q

Why can you get cattle electrocution?

A

wonky wiring, stray voltage

36
Q

What are signs of heritable disorders in cattle?

A

typically born normal with onset of clinical signs at a specific age

37
Q

What is BSE?

A

progressive death of braincells in cattle

38
Q

What is a prion disease?

A

a group of related diseases (TSEs) characterized by specific damage t the brain
long incubation period

39
Q

What are examples of prion disease?

A
  1. scrapie–sheep
  2. CWD–elk, deer
  3. TME–mink
  4. CJD–humans (creutzfeld jacob dz–multiple diseases)
40
Q

What are types of creutzfeld jacob diz?

A

1 random–older people

  1. inherited (FFI, GSS)
  2. Kuru–papua new guinea
41
Q

What are prions?

A

proteinaceous unfectious particle
natural uninfectious prion protein found in cells of normal animals
infectious prion folded in abnormal shape
change in shape makes it very stable

42
Q

What is the pathogenesis of prion dz?

A

makes its way to brain

the infectious prion slowly changes normal prion into infectious prion. they bind together to form microscopic fibers

43
Q

How do you diagnose BSE?

A

histopathology
electron microscopy
monoclonal antibody most common
break down the brain and have all protein break down and then look for prion (survives process)–faster

44
Q

What do you need for diagnosis?

A

back of foramen magnum

45
Q

What does BSE look like?

A 
three key groups of signs
1. nervousness
2. aggression
3. problems walking (eventually become 
downers)
excessive muzzle licking
don't like steps or doorways
46
Q

Nearly all cases of BSE have been seen in what animals?

A

dairy

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