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Food animal production > Diarrhea of grow-finish and adult swine > Flashcards

Diarrhea of grow-finish and adult swine Flashcards

1
Q

What are the two main diarrheic dz of adult swine?

A
  1. necroproliferative enteritis

2. swine dysentery

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2
Q

What is necroproliferative enteritis?

A

A group of prevalent ACUTE and CHRONIC conditions of widely differing clinical signs but ith a COMMMON UNDERLYING PATHOLOGY

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3
Q

What are the three chronic manifestations of necroproliferative enteritis?

A

PIA–porcine intestinal adenomatosis
NE–necrotic enteritis
RI-regional enteritis

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4
Q

What is PIA?

A

Porcine intestinal adenomatosis (proliferative enteropathy)

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5
Q

What is NE?

A

Necrotic enteritis (coagulative necrosis of mucosa)

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6
Q

What is RI?

A

regional ileitis (granulomatous inflammation, hypertrophy of muscle layers)

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7
Q

Who gets the chronic manifestation of necroproliferative enteritis?

A

grower and finisher hogs

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8
Q

Who gets the acute manifestation of necroproliferative enteritis?

A

finisher hogs and adults

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9
Q

What is PHE?

A

an acute manifestation of necroproliferative enteritis

Proliferative hemorrhagic enteropathy–severe GIT hemorrhage

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10
Q

How is necroproliferative enteritis transmitted?

A

fecal oral

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11
Q

What is the pathogen responsible for necroproliferative enteritis?

A

lawsonia intracellularis

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12
Q

When are animals exposed to lawsonia intracellularis (chronic form)

A

late nursery or early grower

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13
Q

What is the incubation period of chronic necroproliferative enteritis

A

2-3 wks

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14
Q

What are the clinical signs of chronic necroproliferative enteritis?

A
  1. diarrhea (50%)
  2. slow growth
  3. weight loss
    (more severe signs associated with increasing mucosa/muscle layer involvement)
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15
Q

What is the pathogenesis of chronic necroproliferative enteritis?

A
  1. intracellular invasion of intestinal crypt cells (affintiy for immature)
  2. proliferation of immature crypt cells (don’t mature)
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16
Q

What is the consequence of proliferation of immature crypt cells in chronic necroproliferative enteritis?

A

hyperplastic–>adenomatosis
thickened mucosa (SI and colon)
hose-pipe gut (ileum)

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17
Q

What are the lesions of porcine intestinal adenomatosis?

A

no necrosis, only mucosal proliferation mainly ileum

corrugated hyperplastic appearance. Homogenous diarrhea

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18
Q

What area of the gut does lawsonia intracellularis most typically affect?

A

the ileum (less common colon and caecum)

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19
Q

What area of the intestine does lawsonia intracellularis affect that swine dystentery (brachyspira) does not affect?

A

the ileum

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20
Q

What are the lesions of necrotic enteritis?

A

necrotic membrane on the thickened intestine? may slough off

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21
Q

What are the lesions of regional ileits?

A

smooth muscle hypertrophy occurs when the necrotic mucous membrane has sloughed away

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22
Q

Is regional ileitis common or rare?

A

rare, most pigs die before this

23
Q

What is the progression through the types of chronic necroproliferative enteritis?

A

PIA–>NE–>RI

24
Q

What are the clinical signs of acute necroproliferative enteritis? (proliferative hemorrhagic enteritis)

A
  1. anorexia
  2. acute/peracute death
  3. anemia
  4. melena
25
What is the pathogenesis of proliferative hemorrhagic enteritis?
Degeneration of epithelial cells, leakage of capillary beds | =>acute hemorrhage in upper SI
26
What are DDX for PHE in young boars?
gastric ulcers | swine dysentery
27
What animals are at risk for proliferative hemorrhagic enteritis?
older finisher hogs | gilts and boars (breeding)
28
What are the lesions of PHE
dark digestd blood in colon. ileal serosa markedly corrugated.
29
How is necroproliferative enteritis diagnosed?
1. gross pathology chronic: corrugated acute: blood/melena 2. stains for intracellular bacteria 3. IHC 4. PCR feces of tissue 5. serology--poor, low Ig NOT culture
30
How is necroproliferative enteritis treated?
1. if PHE=medical emergency--parenteral antimicrobials | 2. water and feed products for herd treatment--more for chronic
31
How is necroproliferative enteritis prevented?
Vaccination--vaccinate in nursery prior to exposure. Oral water soluble. No antimicrobials can be given 3 days before or after and no chlorine in water can put on feed, in mouth, in water
32
How does necroproliferative enteritis vaccine work?
the attenuated live bacteria pass to the small intestine and colonize and induce active immune response
33
What is swine dystenerry caused by?
brachyspira hyodysenteriae
34
What are the features of brachyspira hyodysenteriae?
spirochete | strongly haemolytic
35
What are the virulence factors of brachyspira hyodysenteriae?
1. hemolysins | 2. flagella--love mucus
36
What pigs get brachyspira?
those >8weeks
37
How is brachyspira transmitted?
fecal oral
38
Is brachyspira highly contagious?
yes
39
How can brachyspira travel between farms?
via fomites
40
Can brachyspira survive in the environment?
yes, long term survival
41
Are there reservoirs of brachyspira?
yes, many animals e.g. mice (1yr). can survive in manure pits for 2 months. RODENT CONTROL AND SANITATION IMPORTANT
42
What is the incubation period of brachyspira?
2-14d
43
What are the clinical signs of swine dysentery?
``` MUCOHAEMORRHAGIC DIARRHEA 1. acute stage mucus and blood--FRANK BLOOD mucofibrinous exudate 2. chronic diarrhea without blood or mucus. similar to ileitis ```
44
How does the blood in the diarrhea of swine with acute swine dysentery differ from that of pigs with PHE?
the blood is frank, rather than melena. Also lots of mucus
45
What is the pathogenesis of swine dystentery?
unknwn
46
What areas of the GIT does swine dystenery affect?
caecum and colon only
47
What is the lesion of swine dysentery?
1. fibrinous necrotizine haemorrhagic typhlocolitis. 2. mucosa covered by mucus, fibrin, flecks of blood. 3. mesentery and large intestine wall edematous/congested 4. fibrinonecrotic pseudomembrane if chronic severe--unlikely
48
How is swine dysentery diagnosed?
1. blood/blood tinged/mucoid diarrhea 2. lesions confined to caecum, colon, rectum 3. direct smears (feces, mucosa)--spirochaetes 4. strong beta hemolysis 5. PCR--ID species not serology
49
How is brachyspira cultured?
on specialized blood agar, anaerobic??
50
How is swine dysentery treated?
1. parenteral | 2. mass medication--high costs
51
What is the long term control for swine dysentery?
1. depopulation 2. herd elimination by emptying and disinfecting nursery grow finish and eliminating reservoirs, medicating breeding stock (5-6x therapeutic dose) to stop shedding, then restocking with negative weaned pigs.
52
Why can you not do load, close, expose with brachyspira hyodysenteriae?
because it survives for a long time in the environment
53
Which diarrhea is chunky and which is smooth?
chunky--swine dysentery? | smooth--necroproliferative enteritis

Food animal production (21 decks)

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