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Food animal production > Diarrhea of grow-finish and adult swine > Flashcards

Diarrhea of grow-finish and adult swine Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the two main diarrheic dz of adult swine?

A
  1. necroproliferative enteritis

2. swine dysentery

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2
Q

What is necroproliferative enteritis?

A

A group of prevalent ACUTE and CHRONIC conditions of widely differing clinical signs but ith a COMMMON UNDERLYING PATHOLOGY

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3
Q

What are the three chronic manifestations of necroproliferative enteritis?

A

PIA–porcine intestinal adenomatosis
NE–necrotic enteritis
RI-regional enteritis

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4
Q

What is PIA?

A

Porcine intestinal adenomatosis (proliferative enteropathy)

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5
Q

What is NE?

A

Necrotic enteritis (coagulative necrosis of mucosa)

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6
Q

What is RI?

A

regional ileitis (granulomatous inflammation, hypertrophy of muscle layers)

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7
Q

Who gets the chronic manifestation of necroproliferative enteritis?

A

grower and finisher hogs

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8
Q

Who gets the acute manifestation of necroproliferative enteritis?

A

finisher hogs and adults

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9
Q

What is PHE?

A

an acute manifestation of necroproliferative enteritis

Proliferative hemorrhagic enteropathy–severe GIT hemorrhage

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10
Q

How is necroproliferative enteritis transmitted?

A

fecal oral

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11
Q

What is the pathogen responsible for necroproliferative enteritis?

A

lawsonia intracellularis

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12
Q

When are animals exposed to lawsonia intracellularis (chronic form)

A

late nursery or early grower

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13
Q

What is the incubation period of chronic necroproliferative enteritis

A

2-3 wks

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14
Q

What are the clinical signs of chronic necroproliferative enteritis?

A
  1. diarrhea (50%)
  2. slow growth
  3. weight loss
    (more severe signs associated with increasing mucosa/muscle layer involvement)
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15
Q

What is the pathogenesis of chronic necroproliferative enteritis?

A
  1. intracellular invasion of intestinal crypt cells (affintiy for immature)
  2. proliferation of immature crypt cells (don’t mature)
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16
Q

What is the consequence of proliferation of immature crypt cells in chronic necroproliferative enteritis?

A

hyperplastic–>adenomatosis
thickened mucosa (SI and colon)
hose-pipe gut (ileum)

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17
Q

What are the lesions of porcine intestinal adenomatosis?

A

no necrosis, only mucosal proliferation mainly ileum

corrugated hyperplastic appearance. Homogenous diarrhea

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18
Q

What area of the gut does lawsonia intracellularis most typically affect?

A

the ileum (less common colon and caecum)

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19
Q

What area of the intestine does lawsonia intracellularis affect that swine dystentery (brachyspira) does not affect?

A

the ileum

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20
Q

What are the lesions of necrotic enteritis?

A

necrotic membrane on the thickened intestine? may slough off

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21
Q

What are the lesions of regional ileits?

A

smooth muscle hypertrophy occurs when the necrotic mucous membrane has sloughed away

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22
Q

Is regional ileitis common or rare?

A

rare, most pigs die before this

23
Q

What is the progression through the types of chronic necroproliferative enteritis?

A

PIA–>NE–>RI

24
Q

What are the clinical signs of acute necroproliferative enteritis? (proliferative hemorrhagic enteritis)

A
  1. anorexia
  2. acute/peracute death
  3. anemia
  4. melena
25
Q

What is the pathogenesis of proliferative hemorrhagic enteritis?

A

Degeneration of epithelial cells, leakage of capillary beds

=>acute hemorrhage in upper SI

26
Q

What are DDX for PHE in young boars?

A

gastric ulcers

swine dysentery

27
Q

What animals are at risk for proliferative hemorrhagic enteritis?

A

older finisher hogs

gilts and boars (breeding)

28
Q

What are the lesions of PHE

A

dark digestd blood in colon. ileal serosa markedly corrugated.

29
Q

How is necroproliferative enteritis diagnosed?

A
  1. gross pathology
    chronic: corrugated
    acute: blood/melena
  2. stains for intracellular bacteria
  3. IHC
  4. PCR feces of tissue
  5. serology–poor, low Ig
    NOT culture
30
Q

How is necroproliferative enteritis treated?

A
  1. if PHE=medical emergency–parenteral antimicrobials

2. water and feed products for herd treatment–more for chronic

31
Q

How is necroproliferative enteritis prevented?

A

Vaccination–vaccinate in nursery prior to exposure. Oral water soluble. No antimicrobials can be given 3 days before or after and no chlorine in water
can put on feed, in mouth, in water

32
Q

How does necroproliferative enteritis vaccine work?

A

the attenuated live bacteria pass to the small intestine and colonize and induce active immune response

33
Q

What is swine dystenerry caused by?

A

brachyspira hyodysenteriae

34
Q

What are the features of brachyspira hyodysenteriae?

A

spirochete

strongly haemolytic

35
Q

What are the virulence factors of brachyspira hyodysenteriae?

A
  1. hemolysins

2. flagella–love mucus

36
Q

What pigs get brachyspira?

A

those >8weeks

37
Q

How is brachyspira transmitted?

A

fecal oral

38
Q

Is brachyspira highly contagious?

A

yes

39
Q

How can brachyspira travel between farms?

A

via fomites

40
Q

Can brachyspira survive in the environment?

A

yes, long term survival

41
Q

Are there reservoirs of brachyspira?

A

yes, many animals e.g. mice (1yr). can survive in manure pits for 2 months. RODENT CONTROL AND SANITATION IMPORTANT

42
Q

What is the incubation period of brachyspira?

A

2-14d

43
Q

What are the clinical signs of swine dysentery?

A 
MUCOHAEMORRHAGIC DIARRHEA
1. acute stage
mucus and blood--FRANK BLOOD
mucofibrinous exudate
2. chronic
diarrhea without blood or mucus. similar to ileitis
44
Q

How does the blood in the diarrhea of swine with acute swine dysentery differ from that of pigs with PHE?

A

the blood is frank, rather than melena. Also lots of mucus

45
Q

What is the pathogenesis of swine dystentery?

A

unknwn

46
Q

What areas of the GIT does swine dystenery affect?

A

caecum and colon only

47
Q

What is the lesion of swine dysentery?

A
  1. fibrinous necrotizine haemorrhagic typhlocolitis.
  2. mucosa covered by mucus, fibrin, flecks of blood.
  3. mesentery and large intestine wall edematous/congested
  4. fibrinonecrotic pseudomembrane if chronic severe–unlikely
48
Q

How is swine dysentery diagnosed?

A
  1. blood/blood tinged/mucoid diarrhea
  2. lesions confined to caecum, colon, rectum
  3. direct smears (feces, mucosa)–spirochaetes
  4. strong beta hemolysis
  5. PCR–ID species
    not serology
49
Q

How is brachyspira cultured?

A

on specialized blood agar, anaerobic??

50
Q

How is swine dysentery treated?

A
  1. parenteral

2. mass medication–high costs

51
Q

What is the long term control for swine dysentery?

A
  1. depopulation
  2. herd elimination by emptying and disinfecting nursery grow finish and eliminating reservoirs, medicating breeding stock (5-6x therapeutic dose) to stop shedding, then restocking with negative weaned pigs.
52
Q

Why can you not do load, close, expose with brachyspira hyodysenteriae?

A

because it survives for a long time in the environment

53
Q

Which diarrhea is chunky and which is smooth?

A

chunky–swine dysentery?

smooth–necroproliferative enteritis

Food animal production (21 decks)

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