Porcine

Question 1

How many permanent teeth do pigs have?

Answer 1

44

Question 2

E coli in pigs

Answer 2

• clear watery to pasty brown feces
• dehydration and depression
• death losses higher in pigs

MOST COMMON CAUSE OF DIARRHEA in pigs <5 days old

Question 3

How do we diagnose E coli in pigs?

Answer 3

pH of feces >8
-culture
-necropsy: dilated gas filled SI
5d- weaning (usually 7d)

Question 4

How do we treat E coli?

Answer 4

• ampicillin, tetracycline, gentamicin, ceftiofur

- treat litter at same time

Question 5

Transmissible gastroenteritis

Answer 5

coronavirus
-neonates: diarrhea with undigested milk
BAD in pigs < 2 wks old (piglets and nursery)

tx: not responsive to antibiotics; depopulate and eliminate all age groups

Question 6

How do we diagnose TGE?

Answer 6

ELISA, immunofluorescence of gut contents

Question 7

Isospora suis: what do you see, how do you treat

Answer 7

5 days old to weaning (10 weeks)

• diarrhea with no blood
• acidic feces
• dehydration
• *increase in summer due to humidity

tx: amprolium, ponazuril

Question 8

How do you diagnose Isospora?

Answer 8

Histopath

-fecal flotation can yield false negative due to persistent shedding

Question 9

Brachyspira hyodysenteriae

Answer 9

• *growers and finishers** (10-26 weeks)
• bloody diarrhea –> mucoid, bloody, watery
• mucohemorrhagic colitis diagnostic

DX: culture (def), histopath, dark field microscopy

tx: lincomycin; tiamulin, tylosin in water

Question 10

Lawsonia intracellularis

Answer 10

grower-finisher; young breeding pigs

Dx:
-histopath, PCR

Tx: tylosin, tiamulin, medicated feed; MLV vax in water

Question 11

Trichuris suis

Answer 11

2-6 mos old

diarrhea with mucus and blood; anemia

DX: fecal float; fibrinonecrotic colitis

tx: fenbendazole, dichlorvos

Question 12

Salmonella

Answer 12

typhimurium: rectal strictures
cholerasuis: large intestine

Dx: culture

*most common cause of diarrhea in growers and finishers** ANY AGE!!!

Question 13

Mycoplasma hyopneumoniae

Answer 13

Enzootic pneumonia
-dry cough

• retarded growth
• *PCR
• *we do NOT see sneezing, nasal discharge, or dyspnea

Question 14

What is the cause of spirochetal colitis?

Answer 14

Brachyspira pilosicoli

Question 15

Staph hyicus-exudative epidermitis

Answer 15

• thickened red-spotted skin
• erosions of coronary band and heel

tx: penicillin, cephalosporins, TMS, tylosin, aminoglycosides
control: separate affected pigs and treat with injectable antibiotics

Question 16

Which of the following is the most common cause of diarrhea in growers and finishers?
A. Salmonella
B. E coli
C. Isospora suis
D. C perfringens Type C 
E. Rotavirus

Answer 16

A. Salmonella

Question 17

Clostridial enteritis

Answer 17

1-2 day old piglets
-bloody diarrhea

Dx: necropsy: blood in jejunum with flecks of mucosa; necrosis of SI

Question 18

How do we diagnose PRRS?

Answer 18

serum PCR

Question 19

turkey egg kidneys

Answer 19

CSF (hog cholera) or ASF

Question 20

hemagglutinating myeloencephalitis

Answer 20

vomiting and wasting dz (coronavirus)

CS: pharyngeal paralysis, cyanosis; perivascular cuffing

DX: virus isolation, paired serum samples ab titers

No tx

Question 21

Diamond skin disease

Answer 21

• purple ears!!
  chronic: enlarged joints + lameness; vegetative valvular endocarditis

Dx: serology (vax vs prev exposure); PCR, IHC

Tx: penicillin; tetracycline in water; tx unsuccessful if chronic (endocarditis)

Question 22

Mycoplasma hyorhinis

Answer 22

fibrinous polyserositis

Question 23

sarcoptic mange

Answer 23

• crusty deposits in ears
• headshaking
• tiny red pimples

Question 24

Swine influenza: onset and recovery

Answer 24

acute onset, rapid recovery

Question 25

Classical Swine Fever (Hog Cholera)

Answer 25

REPORTABLE

• high fever
• cyanosis, erythema
• necrotic foci on intestinal mucosa

Dx: RT-PCR
Quarantine; feeding undercooked food; NO TX

Question 26

Age for Streptococcus suis

Answer 26

<12 weeks

-meningitis, septicemia, fever

Question 27

Age for Streptococcus dysgalactiae

Answer 27

1-3 weeks old

• fever, arthritis, meningitis
• hyperemic swollen synovial membranes

Question 28

Age for Streptococcus porcinus

Answer 28

Jowl abscess in growing pigs

Question 29

Actinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

Answer 29

-high morbidity and mortality
-aerosol
-
CS: bloody froth in the airways, serofibrinous pericarditis; polyarthritis; lung necrosis + nodules

tx: tetracyclines

Question 30

Actinobacillus suis

Answer 30

serous and serofibrinous exudates in thorax and abdomen; lungs

-isolated from nasal cavity and tonsils

CS: cyanotic extremities, fever, enteritis; red skin like erysipelas, resp distress; abortion

Dx: culture (amoxicillin, ampicillin, oxytet)