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NAVLE-HUMA > Equine > Flashcards

Equine Flashcards

1
Q

How do you diagnose Anaplasma phagocytophilum

A

-morulae in neutrophils

CBC: neutropenia, leukopenia, thrombocytopenia
PCR assay

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2
Q

What structures should you feel on the left side during a rectal exam in a horse?

A
  1. nephrosplenic space
  2. kidney
  3. pelvic flexure
  4. small colon

SHOULD NOT FEEL CECUM ON LEFT SIDE

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3
Q

A miniature horse with a gas-filled colic.

A

small colon impaction

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4
Q

Potomac Horse Fever

A

Neorickettsia risticii

  • rivers/streams
  • high incidence of laminitis
  • sensitive to tetracycline
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5
Q

NSAID induced colitis

A

right dorsal colitis

-associated with hypoproteinemia

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6
Q

How many permanent teeth do horses have?

A

40-42

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7
Q

Corynebacterium pseudotuberculosis-Horses

A

Pigeon Fever

causes ulcerative lymphangitis

  • infection in lower limbs
  • chronic abscesses in the pectoral region and ventral abdomen
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8
Q

What are 3 causes of cervical ventroflexion?

A
  1. aggressive furosemide treatment
  2. aldosterone secreting adrenal tumor
  3. thiamine deficiency
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9
Q

What is the most common neoplasia in the

a. intestine
b. stomach

of the horse?

A

a. lymphosarcoma

b. squamous cell carcinoma

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10
Q

Buttress foot

A

extensor process disease

-secondary to excessive strain on the extensor processo f P3 resulting in periostitis

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11
Q

Club foot

A

secondary to contracture of the distal interphalangeal joint

  • steep wall
  • shortened toe
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12
Q

horse esophagus

A

cranial 2/3 is striated

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13
Q

What is the duration of a mare’s estrus?

A

6 days (5-7 days)

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14
Q

How long is a horse’s estrous cycle?

A

21 days

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15
Q

When is ovulation in a horse?

A

-1-2 days prior to the end of estrus

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16
Q

How long is diestrus in the horse?

A

14-16 days

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17
Q

The first ovulation in horses occurs —days after foaling

A

9-10 days

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18
Q

What does hairy vetch ingestion cause in horses?

A

systemic granulomatous disease

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19
Q

What does sorghum ingestion in horses cause?

A
  • myelomalacia of the lower spinal cord –> pelvic limb incoordination
  • urine dribbling
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20
Q

What does sudan grass intoxication?

A

myelomalacia of the spinal cord and neurological signs

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21
Q

What do we see with black locust toxicity in horses?

A
  • weakness and diarrhea
  • colic and constipation
  • irregular, rapid heart rate
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22
Q

African Horse Sickness

A

Orvibirus
CS: fever, resp signs, edema

Necropsy: pulmonary edema and hydropericardium

Differentials: anaplasmosis, piroplasmosis, equine viral arteritis, and equine infectious anemia

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23
Q

Gold standard dx for foal sepsis

A

blood culture

24
Q

How do you diagnose rhabdomyolysis?

A

muscle biopsy

25
Q

What is gold standard dx for strangles?

A

bacterial culture of nasal exudate or nasal swab

26
Q

Ionophore toxicity

A
  • myoglobinuria, hypokalemia, arrhythmia
  • dyspnea, tachypnea
  • lethargy, stiffness

cardiac muscle damage leading to CHF or DCM

27
Q

Abortion with lepto

A

sporadic

-autolyzed icteric fetus

28
Q

What do we see with EHV-1 abortion?

A
  • abortion in the third trimester
  • resp disease
  • minimal autolysis, lung/liver lesions, intranuclear inclusion bodies
29
Q

quittor

A

chronic infection of the collateral cartilages of the distal phalanx

30
Q

fungal causes of abortion

A
  • thickened placental

- minimal autolysis

31
Q

What is the preferred treatment for Strangles?

A

procaine penicillin

  • drain and lavage abscess
  • BIOSECURITY

***bute, steroids

Dx: PCR or culture

32
Q

Equine Viral Arteritis

A
  • *supra- or periorbital edema
  • fever, depression, anorexia, leukopenia, nasal discharge, resp distress; vasculitis
  • abortion, autolyzed fetuses

Dx: PCR; paired titers take too long

33
Q

Big 5 of anemia/edema:

PEEBA

A
  1. Purpura
  2. EVA
  3. EIA
  4. Babesia
  5. Anaplasma
34
Q

4 ways to prevent HyPP

A
  1. low-potassium diet (avoid alfalfa, molasses)
  2. regular exercise
  3. frequent feedings
  4. medications to increase renal potassium excretion: acetazolamide, hydrochlorothiazide
35
Q

What are the 3 things that we see with recurrent episode of tying up in Polysaccharide Storage Myopathy?

A
  1. muscle stiffness, fasciculations
  2. firm muscles
  3. myoglobinuria
36
Q

What are 2 ways to prevent PSSM? How do you treat acute cases?

A
  1. dietary: low starch and high fat diet
  2. environmental: daily turnout or exercise

Tx: do not move the horse; NSAIDs, Ace; +/- IV fluids

37
Q

Junctional Epidermolysis Bullosa (JEB)

A

**autosomal recessive

foal born normal; seen at 4-5d

CS: ulcer patches and erosions at pressure points; hooves may detach; oral ulcers

***affects melanocytes and intestinal ganglia

38
Q

CEM: Taylorella equigenitalis

A

CONTAGIOUS

  • transmitted at mating or via unclean instruments
  • stallions show no signs of infection
39
Q

What are the CS of CEM?

A
  • large volume of vaginal discharge 10-14d after mating

- shortened estrus cycle

40
Q

How do you treat CEM?

A

Thoroughly clean the penis or vagina with antiseptics and apply antibiotic ointment

41
Q

villonodular synovitis

A
  • lameness

- fetlock effusion

42
Q

Herpes vs EPM

A

Herpes: XANTHOchromic

EPM: neutrophilic pleocytosis

43
Q

What causes enterocolitis in foals exposed to erythromycin? How do you treat it?

A

C. difficile
C. perfringens

metronidazole

44
Q

cyathosomes

A

L3 ingested and migrate to intestinal walls of the cecum and colon

  • diarrhea and dehydration
  • hypoproteinemia and hypoalbuminemia

Tx: single oral dose of moxidectin

45
Q

lead poisoning

A

dysphagia

roaring

46
Q

Neonatal maladjustment syndrome

A

Dummy foals –> hypoxia

47
Q

Equine Coital Exanthema

A

EHV-3

48
Q

At what age should carpus valgus be surgically repaired?

A

Less than 4 months

49
Q

Location for caudal epidural for a rectovaginal fistula

A

S5-Cd1

50
Q

surgical treatment for stringhalt

A

lateral digital extensor tenectomy

51
Q

DDXes for dropped elbow and inability to flex carpus in extension

A
  1. ulna/olecranon fracture
  2. radial nerve paralysis
  3. humeral fracture
52
Q

DDSP sx

A

laryngeal advancement (tie forward)

53
Q

tx for contracture in young foal

A

high dose oxytet IV

54
Q

Blister Beetle Toxicity (cantharidin)

A

-in alfalfa

CS: hematuria, dark MM, submerging the muzzle in water, frequent attempts to drink small amounts of water

55
Q

thoroughpins

A

tarsus

56
Q

bog spavin

A

tibiotarsal joint

57
Q

windpuffs

A

fetlock

NAVLE-HUMA (10 decks)

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