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NAVLE-HUMA > Canine > Flashcards

Canine Flashcards

1
Q

Which endocrine disease most likely causes myxedema?

A

hypothyroidism

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2
Q

What causes the production and release of vasopressin?

A

controlled by serum osmolality and blood volume in a normal dog

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3
Q

When would you expect to see a lobar sign?

A

-hemorrhage, edema or pus within the lobe

** two different opacities or creating a lobar sign**

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4
Q

What do we commonly see with atelectasis?

A

Retracted lung lobes, may see some scalloping

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5
Q

Can diabetes mellitus cause bilateral hyphema?

A

Results in bilateral cataracts within 6-12 months of diagnosis but should not cause hyphema

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6
Q

cervical spondylopathy

A
  • slow progressive paralysis and ataxia of all 4 limbs –> ataxia is sporadic
  • UMN on all 4 limbs
  • neck pain on ventroflexion
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7
Q

What is a viral cause of canine tracheobronchitis?

A

canine parainfluenza virus

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8
Q

Proestrus in a dog

A

vulvar swelling and edema; increased estrogen

  • average is 9 days
  • DIAPEDESIS
  • attraction but no receptivity
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9
Q

estrus in a dog

A 
BEHAVIORAL RECEPTIVITY (~9 days)
-cornification of cells
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10
Q

diestrus in dogs

A

LOTS of neutrophils

-57d if pregnant; 90d if non-pregnant

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11
Q

What is the most potent inhalant anesthetic in a dog?

A

methoxyflurane

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12
Q

How do you diagnose rabies?

A

direct fluorescent antibody test

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13
Q

How do we diagnose demodex?

A

live in the hair follicle –> deep skin scrape

cannot do an acetate tape test

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14
Q

How do we diagnose sarcoptes?

A

superficial skin scrape

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15
Q

How do we diagnose Cheyletiella?

A

acetate tape test

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16
Q

What do we see with estrogen toxicity in dogs?

A
  • thrombocytopenia
  • anemia
  • leukocytosis or leukopenia
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17
Q

What do we see with brucellosis in dogs?

A
  • epididymitis, periorchitis, prostatitis
  • abortion in last trimester, stillbirths
  • uveitis, spondylitis

Dx: isolation and identification; serology

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18
Q

What do we see with facial nerve damage in a TECA?

A

facial paralysis

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19
Q

diltiazem

A
  • negative inotrope used to treat arrhythmias

- atrial fibrillation

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20
Q

What drug do we use for atrial fibrillation in dogs?

A

digoxin

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21
Q

How do we treat atrial standstill in dogs?

A

0.9% NaCl fluid IV

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22
Q

What drugs do we use for HCM in dogs?

A

diltiazem

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23
Q

What drugs do we use to treat severe pulmonary edema?

A

nitroglycerine and other nitrates

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24
Q

What drugs do we use to treat pulmonary hypertension?

A

nitroprusside

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25
Q

How does digoxin work?

A
  • positive inotrope
  • improves contractility
  • tx for myocardial failure and most supraventricular arrhythmias
26
Q

What are some classic signs of a distemper infection?

A
  • fever
  • crusty eyes, nasal discharge, hyperkeratosis on nasal planum
  • lethargy, cough, diarrhea
27
Q

sertoli cell tumors

A

non-pruritic progressive symmetric alopeica

  • hyperpigmentation
  • appears otherwise healthy; one testicle larger than the other
28
Q

How many heat cycles do dogs have per year?

A

2

29
Q

What is the interestrus period in dogs?

A

7 months

30
Q

Advice for primary glaucoma

A

prophylactic treatment can delay glaucoma in the opposite eye by 30 months

31
Q

Dog with a drooping right ear and lip, drooling and right eye ptosis. What nerve is damaged?

A

facial nerve

32
Q

Can humans get coccidioides?

A

direct transmission from infected animals to humans is unlikely

33
Q

Neosporosis

A

worsening weakness and paralysis

  • dysphagia, incontinence
  • rigid contracture and paresis in the forelimbs
34
Q

GDV dog has an arrhythmia, how would you treat?

A

V-Tach. Lidocaine

35
Q

What are 2 infectious causes of DCM?

A
  1. Chagas myocarditis

2. in-utero exposure of parvovirus

36
Q

Treating DCM before onset of CHF

A
  1. ACE inhibitors
  2. pimobendan: if their is heart dilation
    * ***can prolong development of CHF
  3. anti-arrhythmics (sotalol, mexiletine): if vent arrhythmias
37
Q

Acute therapy of DCM after onset of CHF

A
  1. oxygen
  2. reduce stress
  3. injectable furosemide, pimobendan
38
Q

Chronic therapy of DCM after onset of CHF

A
  1. oral furosemide
  2. ACE inhibitors
  3. pimobendan
39
Q

What are 3 types of neoplasia that we see with pericardial effusion and what are their prognoses?

A
  1. mesothelioma (poor)
  2. hemangiosarcoma (poor)
  3. chemodectoma (guarded)
40
Q

What are 4 reasons for false negatives on a heartworm test?

A
  1. low worm burden
  2. all males
  3. antigen-antibody complex formation
  4. immature females
41
Q

Treating pulmonary hypertension

A
  1. oxygen
  2. sildenafil
  3. pimobendan
42
Q

lab work abnormalities you see with endocarditis

A
  • leukocytosis
  • anemia
  • thrombocytopenia
  • azotemia
  • proteinuria
43
Q

Diagnosing endocarditis

A
  • blood and urine cultures
  • Bartonella serology and PCR (fluorinated quinolone, doxycycline)

IV ABX

44
Q

Pearl for endocarditis

A

new murmur in systemically ill dog

45
Q

What is the most common cause of CHF in dogs?

A

Left AV valve insufficiency (mitral valve)

46
Q

Distemper

A

***catarrhal enteritis; intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion bodies

  1. resp and ocular signs
    - keratitis, conjunctivitis, uveitis
  2. GI signs: vomiting, diarrhea
  3. CNS signs: MYOCLONUS
    - seizures, ataxia, paresis

DX:FAb of conjuctiva; paired CSF or serum titer

47
Q

Distemper pearls

A

HIGHLY contagious via aerosol

  • viral shedding by 7th day, lasts 90 days
  • replicates in upper resp epithelium
48
Q

DI: central vs nephrogenic–> dog with USG >1.030

A

Central DI

49
Q

Pannus

A

Chronic Superficial Keratitis (immune-med)

  • bilat corneal presentation
  • begins lat or med at limbus and spreads to cornea
50
Q

Drugs with lots of toxicities (two Ts)

A
  1. Tetracycline

2. TMS

51
Q

Extrahepatic Biliary Obstruction (EHBO)

A

GB drains into cystic duct –> CBD –> empties into duodenum
-if bile salts cannot get into intestines, fat and fat soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) cannot get through and incr in bacteria

**incr in serum bilirubin

52
Q

Adenovirus-1

A
  • fever
  • lethargy
  • serous nasal discharge, ocular discharge, corneal opacity (“blue eyes”)
  • coagulopathies
53
Q

familial dermatomyositis

A

pentoxifylline

54
Q

bufotoxin

A
  • salivation
  • head shaking
  • pawing at the mouth
  • retching, vomiting
55
Q

insecticides

A
  • tremors
  • salivation
  • ataxia
  • seizures
56
Q

How do you diagnose lepto?

A

serologic testing

57
Q

Hepatozoonosis

A

CS: fever, depression, mucopurulent ocular discharge, bloody diarrhea, hyperesthesia

Dx: ID gametocytes on peripheral blood smear in peripheral blood leukocytes

Tx: pyrimethamin, clinda, and TMS

58
Q

Nephrotic syndrome

A
  1. edema
  2. hypoalbuminemia
  3. proteinuria
  4. hypercholesterolemia
59
Q

important causes of HYPOcalcemia in dogs and cats (3)

A
  1. renal disease
  2. eclampsia
  3. phosphate enema
60
Q

What do you see with renal cystadenomas or adenocarcinomas in GSDs ?

A

nodular dermatofibrosis

NAVLE-HUMA (10 decks)

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