Canine Flashcards
Which endocrine disease most likely causes myxedema?
hypothyroidism
What causes the production and release of vasopressin?
controlled by serum osmolality and blood volume in a normal dog
When would you expect to see a lobar sign?
-hemorrhage, edema or pus within the lobe
** two different opacities or creating a lobar sign**
What do we commonly see with atelectasis?
Retracted lung lobes, may see some scalloping
Can diabetes mellitus cause bilateral hyphema?
Results in bilateral cataracts within 6-12 months of diagnosis but should not cause hyphema
cervical spondylopathy
- slow progressive paralysis and ataxia of all 4 limbs –> ataxia is sporadic
- UMN on all 4 limbs
- neck pain on ventroflexion
What is a viral cause of canine tracheobronchitis?
canine parainfluenza virus
Proestrus in a dog
vulvar swelling and edema; increased estrogen
- average is 9 days
- DIAPEDESIS
- attraction but no receptivity
estrus in a dog
BEHAVIORAL RECEPTIVITY (~9 days) -cornification of cells
diestrus in dogs
LOTS of neutrophils
-57d if pregnant; 90d if non-pregnant
What is the most potent inhalant anesthetic in a dog?
methoxyflurane
How do you diagnose rabies?
direct fluorescent antibody test
How do we diagnose demodex?
live in the hair follicle –> deep skin scrape
cannot do an acetate tape test
How do we diagnose sarcoptes?
superficial skin scrape
How do we diagnose Cheyletiella?
acetate tape test
What do we see with estrogen toxicity in dogs?
- thrombocytopenia
- anemia
- leukocytosis or leukopenia
What do we see with brucellosis in dogs?
- epididymitis, periorchitis, prostatitis
- abortion in last trimester, stillbirths
- uveitis, spondylitis
Dx: isolation and identification; serology
What do we see with facial nerve damage in a TECA?
facial paralysis
diltiazem
- negative inotrope used to treat arrhythmias
- atrial fibrillation
What drug do we use for atrial fibrillation in dogs?
digoxin
How do we treat atrial standstill in dogs?
0.9% NaCl fluid IV
What drugs do we use for HCM in dogs?
diltiazem
What drugs do we use to treat severe pulmonary edema?
nitroglycerine and other nitrates
What drugs do we use to treat pulmonary hypertension?
nitroprusside
How does digoxin work?
- positive inotrope
- improves contractility
- tx for myocardial failure and most supraventricular arrhythmias
What are some classic signs of a distemper infection?
- fever
- crusty eyes, nasal discharge, hyperkeratosis on nasal planum
- lethargy, cough, diarrhea
sertoli cell tumors
non-pruritic progressive symmetric alopeica
- hyperpigmentation
- appears otherwise healthy; one testicle larger than the other
How many heat cycles do dogs have per year?
2
What is the interestrus period in dogs?
7 months
Advice for primary glaucoma
prophylactic treatment can delay glaucoma in the opposite eye by 30 months
Dog with a drooping right ear and lip, drooling and right eye ptosis. What nerve is damaged?
facial nerve
Can humans get coccidioides?
direct transmission from infected animals to humans is unlikely
Neosporosis
worsening weakness and paralysis
- dysphagia, incontinence
- rigid contracture and paresis in the forelimbs
GDV dog has an arrhythmia, how would you treat?
V-Tach. Lidocaine
What are 2 infectious causes of DCM?
- Chagas myocarditis
2. in-utero exposure of parvovirus
Treating DCM before onset of CHF
- ACE inhibitors
- pimobendan: if their is heart dilation
* ***can prolong development of CHF - anti-arrhythmics (sotalol, mexiletine): if vent arrhythmias
Acute therapy of DCM after onset of CHF
- oxygen
- reduce stress
- injectable furosemide, pimobendan
Chronic therapy of DCM after onset of CHF
- oral furosemide
- ACE inhibitors
- pimobendan
What are 3 types of neoplasia that we see with pericardial effusion and what are their prognoses?
- mesothelioma (poor)
- hemangiosarcoma (poor)
- chemodectoma (guarded)
What are 4 reasons for false negatives on a heartworm test?
- low worm burden
- all males
- antigen-antibody complex formation
- immature females
Treating pulmonary hypertension
- oxygen
- sildenafil
- pimobendan
lab work abnormalities you see with endocarditis
- leukocytosis
- anemia
- thrombocytopenia
- azotemia
- proteinuria
Diagnosing endocarditis
- blood and urine cultures
- Bartonella serology and PCR (fluorinated quinolone, doxycycline)
IV ABX
Pearl for endocarditis
new murmur in systemically ill dog
What is the most common cause of CHF in dogs?
Left AV valve insufficiency (mitral valve)
Distemper
***catarrhal enteritis; intracytoplasmic eosinophilic inclusion bodies
- resp and ocular signs
- keratitis, conjunctivitis, uveitis - GI signs: vomiting, diarrhea
- CNS signs: MYOCLONUS
- seizures, ataxia, paresis
DX:FAb of conjuctiva; paired CSF or serum titer
Distemper pearls
HIGHLY contagious via aerosol
- viral shedding by 7th day, lasts 90 days
- replicates in upper resp epithelium
DI: central vs nephrogenic–> dog with USG >1.030
Central DI
Pannus
Chronic Superficial Keratitis (immune-med)
- bilat corneal presentation
- begins lat or med at limbus and spreads to cornea
Drugs with lots of toxicities (two Ts)
- Tetracycline
2. TMS
Extrahepatic Biliary Obstruction (EHBO)
GB drains into cystic duct –> CBD –> empties into duodenum
-if bile salts cannot get into intestines, fat and fat soluble vitamins (A, D, E, K) cannot get through and incr in bacteria
**incr in serum bilirubin
Adenovirus-1
- fever
- lethargy
- serous nasal discharge, ocular discharge, corneal opacity (“blue eyes”)
- coagulopathies
familial dermatomyositis
pentoxifylline
bufotoxin
- salivation
- head shaking
- pawing at the mouth
- retching, vomiting
insecticides
- tremors
- salivation
- ataxia
- seizures
How do you diagnose lepto?
serologic testing
Hepatozoonosis
CS: fever, depression, mucopurulent ocular discharge, bloody diarrhea, hyperesthesia
Dx: ID gametocytes on peripheral blood smear in peripheral blood leukocytes
Tx: pyrimethamin, clinda, and TMS
Nephrotic syndrome
- edema
- hypoalbuminemia
- proteinuria
- hypercholesterolemia
important causes of HYPOcalcemia in dogs and cats (3)
- renal disease
- eclampsia
- phosphate enema
What do you see with renal cystadenomas or adenocarcinomas in GSDs ?
nodular dermatofibrosis
